Markers of inflammation in induced sputum in acute bronchitis caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae.

Pizzichini, M.M.M.; Pizzichini, Emílio; Efthimiadis, A.; Clelland, L.; Mahony, J. B.; Dolovich, J.; Hargreave, Frederick E.

doi:10.1136/thx.52.10.929

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…There is limited data on the normal host immune response to C. pneumoniae. A case report of an acute infection in asthma found an acute lymphocytic infiltrate [3]. Infection with C. trachomatis results in an acute neutrophilic infiltrate followed by an increase in plasma cell numbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute C. pneumoniae infection can cause exacerbation of asthma [3], and chronic/persistent infection has been linked to chronic persistent asthma, and adult onset asthma [4]. Children with increased levels of secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) A directed against C. pneumoniae were found to have more frequent clinical exacerbations of asthma [5], whereas, in adults with asthma, higher titres of antibodies directed against C. pneumoniae were associated with more severe clinical disease [6,7].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin A reactivation and airway inflammation in acute asthma

Wark

Johnston²,

Simpson³

et al. 2002

European Respiratory Journal

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Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae can trigger acute asthma and is associated with severe chronic asthma. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between airway inflammation and serological response to C. pneumoniae in acute severe asthma.Subjects (n=54) were recruited within 4 h of presentation to the emergency department with an acute exacerbation of asthma. Clinical history taking, sputum induction (0.9% saline), spirometry and acute and convalescent serology for C. pneumoniae immunoglobulins A and G were performed.At presentation, 47% of subjects had antibodies directed against C. pneumoniae, and 38% (20) demonstrated an increase in C. pneumoniae antibody levels, with 15 demonstrating a rise in immunoglobulin A concentration. C. pneumoniae responders exhibited significantly higher sputum neutrophil levels (4.6610 6 cells?mL -1 ) compared to nonresponders (1.2610 6 cells?mL -1 , p=0.02) and elevated sputum eosinophil cationic protein concentration (3,981 versus 1,122 ng?mL -1 , p=0.02). An acute antibody response to Chlamydia pneumoniae is common in exacerbations of asthma. The serological features suggest that Chlamydia pneumoniae reactivation may trigger neutrophilic airway inflammation in acute asthma. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 834-840.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin A reactivation and airway inflammation in acute asthma

Wark

Johnston²,

Simpson³

et al. 2002

European Respiratory Journal

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“…Eosinophilic inflammation is caused by allergens (187)(188)(189), occupational chemical sensitizers (190,191), and reduction of steroid in steroid-dependent asthma (192). In contrast, noneosinophilic inflammation is caused by cigarette smoking (193,194), different types of infection (including viral) (185,195), endotoxin (196), and ozone (197) and occurs in steroid-resistant asthma (179).…”

Section: Inflammatory Markers In Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Many Faces of Airway Inflammation

O'Byrne

Postma

1999

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

109

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Airway diseases, predominantly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are among the world's most prevalent diseases. The prevalence of asthma has been increasing over the past 20 yr in most countries where this has been studied, and it affects up to 10% of the populations of most developed countries. COPD is the sixth cause of death in the world and affects 4-6% of people more than 45 yr of age. In 1985, more than 5.4 million Americans were estimated to have COPD and COPD is the most rapidly rising cause of death among individuals over the age of 65 yr in the United States (1). These diseases constitute a major financial burden to society, with both direct and indirect costs.Both asthma and COPD are identified by the presence of characteristic symptoms and functional abnormalities, with airway obstruction being the sine qua non of both diseases. The airway obstruction in asthma must be reversible to establish a diagnosis, whereas COPD is defined as a syndrome characterized by abnormal tests of expiratory flow that do not change markedly over periods of several months of observation (2). Both diseases are now known to be caused by lung inflammation induced by different initiating factors, most likely environmental allergens, occupational sensitizing agents, or viral respiratory infections in asthma and cigarette smoking in COPD. However, some patients with asthma who do not smoke also develop irreversible airway obstruction similar to COPD. Also, the treatments used to manage both diseases resemble each other.This review compares and contrasts asthma and COPD with regard to the following aspects: the risks for development, the functional and structural abnormalities, the inflammatory activity and the site of the inflammation, animal models of both diseases, and current and potential new treatments for the diseases. The review was developed as a result of a workshop held in Whistler, Canada, involving clinical and basic scientists actively working in these two areas. It is hoped that by comparing the two diseases, new insights can be attained about each.

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“…This rapid fall in levels of sputum chemoattractants and inflammatory markers following treatment has been also reported in patients with COPD and ␣-1-antitrypsin deficiency (31). This type of inflammatory response is not limited to COPD exacerbations caused by common bacteria, because similar findings have been reported with bronchial infections due to Chlamydia pneumoniae (32 Neutrophils are not the only inflammatory cell that seem to have an important role in COPD. Balzano and colleagues (33) studied bronchial secretions obtained through sputum induction in patients with COPD, asthma, asymptomatic smokers, and healthy nonsmokers, and found that during stable periods, neutrophils were significantly higher in COPD patients than in the other groups, but also eosinophils were increased in patients with COPD when compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: The Inflammatory Response To Bronchial Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 56%

Bacterial Colonization in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Is It Related to Evolution?

Mons

Morera

2001

Clinical Pulmonary Medicine

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The culture of bronchial secretions obtained through techniques not susceptible to contamination by oropharyngeal flora have shown that 25% to 40% of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have bronchial colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms, with Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae being the bacteria most often recovered. Bronchial colonization may be related to persistence of microorganisms after an infection or to recurrent reinfections without macroscopic changes in the sputum and is associated with an inflammatory response in the mucosa, involving mainly neutrophils, that may have an impact on lung function decline. Furthermore, more than 30% of stable COPD patients have detectable antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae. This finding suggests a clinically significant role for this microorganism in COPD, although chronic infection by Chlamydia pneumoniae does not seem to have an effect on the natural history of the disease. Bronchial colonization may be more frequent in COPD patients with severe disease, partly due to colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other enteric Gram-negative bacteria. Current smoking is a welldefined risk factor for the colonization of the bronchial mucosa, independent of lung function.

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Markers of inflammation in induced sputum in acute bronchitis caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae.

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin A reactivation and airway inflammation in acute asthma

Chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin A reactivation and airway inflammation in acute asthma

The Many Faces of Airway Inflammation

Bacterial Colonization in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Is It Related to Evolution?

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