Marked Variability of Monacolin Levels in Commercial Red Yeast Rice Products

Gordon, Ram Y.; Cooperman, Tod; Obermeyer, William R.; Becker, David J.

doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.382

Cited by 158 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Further research indicated that the substance had received some public attention including from regulatory agencies in France and America (ANSES, 2014;FDA, 2007) based on concerns regarding the concentration of the active ingredient (Gordon, 2010), and concerns reported in the press regarding its contamination with citrinin (Harding, 2008). Alongside this, there were also reports in the popular press (Macrae, 2008) citing research (Lu et al, 2008) on its positive impact, and medical advisory sites providing a science-literacy perspective on this (NHS Choices, 2008).…”

Section: Self-report Information Seeking and Information Seeking Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of (perceived) epistemic cognition to interaction with resources on the internet

Knight

Rienties²,

Littleton³

et al. 2017

Computers in Human Behavior

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Information seeking and processing are key literacy practices. However, they are activities that students, across a range of ages, struggle with. These information seeking processes can be viewed through the lens of epistemic cognition: beliefs regarding the source, justification, complexity, and certainty of knowledge. In the research reported in this article we build on established research in this area, which has typically used self-report psychometric and behavior data, and information seeking tasks involving closed-document sets. We take a novel approach in applying established self-report measures to a largescale, naturalistic, study environment, pointing to the potential of analysis of dialogue, web-navigationincluding sites visited -and other trace data, to support more traditional self-report mechanisms. Our analysis suggests that prior work demonstrating relationships between self-report indicators is not paralleled in investigation of the hypothesized relationships between self-report and trace-indicators. However, there are clear epistemic features of this trace data. The article thus demonstrates the potential of behavioral learning analytic data in understanding how epistemic cognition is brought to bear in rich information seeking and processing tasks.

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Section: Self-report Information Seeking and Information Seeking Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of (perceived) epistemic cognition to interaction with resources on the internet

Knight

Rienties²,

Littleton³

et al. 2017

Computers in Human Behavior

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“…The level of citrinin in red yeast rice at a commercial rate varies greatly, ranging from non-detected by using HPLC (Liu and Xu, 2013) to 189 ppm (Gordon et al, 2010). Such variations are influenced by Monascus strains, fermentation substrate, and the environment.…”

Section: Citrininmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrinin and color analysis of angkak collected from several regions in Indonesia

Ristiarini¹,

Cahyanto²,

Widada³

et al. 2017

Food Res.

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Angkak, a fermentation product of rice by Monascus sp., is used for natural food coloring, spices, and medicine by Indonesian people who believe in its pharmacological properties. However, Monascus sp. also produces a secondary metabolite, hepato-nephrotoxic mycotoxin citrinin. The biosynthesis of pigments and citrinin is generated from a tetraketide point in the polyketides pathway. This study aims to detect the levels of citrinin and examine its relationship with the color of angkak in Indonesia. Thirty samples were collected from eight different sites in Indonesia. ELISA method was used to detect the citrinin content. Meanwhile, the color analysis was based on the CIE L*a*b* system and the measurement of its pigments was conducted using spectrophotometer UV-vis. All samples were grown on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) media. Mold contamination was found, ranging from 1.67% to 85.33%. The results of citrinin content measurement of the angkak ranged from 17.94 ppm to 142.74 ppm. The color measurement showed that the angkak color was various, from bright red (L* 44.78, a* 21.54, b* 8.67) to very dark red (L* 35.62, a* 17.32, b* 5.43). The ethanol-soluble yellow (OD400) and red (OD500) pigment contents were in the ranges of 83.80 AU/g to 306.52 AU/g and 100.86 AU/g to 318.18 AU/g, respectively. However, based on the Pearson correlation analysis, there was no correlation between the citrinin content and the color value of angkak.

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“…The possible decrease in carotenoid and fat-soluble vitamin levels by sterols/stanols can be prevented with a balanced diet rich in these nutrients. 185 Based on LDL-C lowering and the absence of ad- 145 but the long-term safety of the regular consumption of these products is not fully documented. However, side effects similar to those observed with statins have been reported in some people using these nutraceuticals.…”

Section: Phytosterolsmentioning

confidence: 99%