Mark—Release—Recapture Studies with Culex Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Southern California

Abstract

Cohorts of Culex adults were marked uniquely with date- and site-specific fluorescent dust colors and were released at centrally located residences and at peripheral breeding sources to study population dispersal, size, additions, and deletions. The recapture rate of Cx. quinquefasciatus females was higher and the mean distance dispersed was lower in residential than in agricultural or park habitats. Dispersal was associated with host-seeking activity and ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 km/d. Survivorship ranged from 0.65 to 0.84 per day, and population density ranged from 36,612 to 671,634 females per km2. The sampling efficiency of CO2-baited traps in residential habitats increased coincidentally with increasing population density. Gravid traps were most effective in residential habitats where there were few competitive oviposition sites. Teneral Cx. stigmatosoma were extremely dispersive, and few marked females were recaptured. Unmarked females were more abundant at CO2-baited traps in residential habitats than at traps near productive peripheral breeding sources. Few Cx. tarsalis were released, and the recapture rate in residential habitats was low when compared with rural sites.

Sentinel Chicken Seroconversions Track Tangential Transmission of West Nile Virus to Humans in the Greater Los Angeles Area of California

“…tarsalis and Cx. stigmatosoma that are more competent vectors and more dispersive 5,9 than Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, but are less abundant in urban Los Angeles and collected less frequently by our trapping methods.…”

“…16 The 5-km sampling zone was used to exceed the 4.3 km maximum flight distance of the ornithophagic and highly competent vector, Cx. stigmatosoma , 5,9,[33][34][35] and to determine if avian factors increase WNV transmission beyond the area expected from mosquitoes alone. Larger buffers would result in overlap…”

“…p. quinquefasciatus , which has a flight range of ~1 km, and Culex tarsalis Coquillett and Culex stigmatosoma Dyar, which have flight ranges greater than 1 km in rural settings. 9,10 Because human cases have been a problematic metric for delineating transmission in time and space, a surrogate is needed so that the location and timing of infection can be identified with confidence. Caged chicken sentinels may provide a way to monitor tangential transmission events, but their use as a surrogate for human infection is unknown in Los Angeles.…”

Modifiable Risk Factors for West Nile Virus Infection during an Outbreak—Arizona, 2010

“…quinquefasciatus in urban habitats, these environmental features were evaluated within 500 m of each participant's home. 21 Finally, GIS-based data were used for 2009 estimates of population density and proportion of vacant households by census block group.…”

Bactérias isoladas de culicídeos (Diptera: Nematocera) hematófagos em Belém, Pará, Brasil

“…Coqui l l etti di a venezuel ensi s C. quinquefasciatus were collected in five of the eight defined collection points, confirming that it is a species with 45 a strong ability to disperse. In a study performed in 1991 , females in this species were initially marked and were recaptured 1 km from the release point.…”