Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole: A Review of the MEOP Consortium

Treasure, Anne M.; Roquet, Fabien; Ansorge, Isabelle; Bester, Marthán N; Boehme, Lars; Bornemann, Horst; Charrassin, Jean‐Benoît; Chevallier, Damien; Costa, Daniel P.; Fedak, Michael A.; Guinet, Christophe; Hammill, Mike O.; Harcourt, Robert; Hindell, Mark A.; Kovacs, Kit M.; Lea, Mary‐Anne; Lovell, Phil; Lowther, Andrew D.; Lydersen, Christian; McIntyre, Trevor; McMahon, Clive R.; Muelbert, Mônica M. C.; Nicholls, Keith W.; Picard, Baptiste; Reverdin, Gilles; Trites, Andrew W.; Williams, Guy D.; Bruyn, P. J. Nico de

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2017.234

Cited by 146 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Because of the short and incomplete nature of existing time series, the causes and consequences of observed changes are difficult to assess. The current development of a Deep Argo network (Jayne et al, 2017), as well as the current efforts to observe the under-ice ocean with Argo probes and animal-borne sensors (Klatt et al, 2007;Wong and Riser, 2011;Treasure et al, 2017) offer a bright future and will push the limits of the current observing system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, autonomous profiling floats have no seasonal biases, but their observations are limited to the upper 2,000 m of the water column, and their time series began only in Although autonomous float observations cover the middles of the ocean basins, equally sampling all latitude bands north of ~50°S, their sampling diminishes south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, where sea ice cover is a challenge for their survival and for data recovery ( Figure 2d). In addition to these conventional measurements, the upper ocean (upper 500 m) under sea ice has been heavily sampled over the last decade with animal-borne sensors (Treasure et al, 2017), but the accuracy of such observations limits their usefulness in studies seeking to detect subtle long-term change.…”

Section: Observing the Southern Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southern Ocean Warming

Sallée¹,

Cnrs²

2018

Oceanog

105

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Observing the Southern Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean Warming

Sallée¹,

Cnrs²

2018

Oceanog

105

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“…In recent decades, the use of biologging devices to gather information on the behaviour, movement and physiology of animals has increased substantially (Hussey et al, ). In addition to collecting vast amounts of movement and behavioural data (Heylen & Nachtsheim, ), biologging devices can collect oceanographic data (Roquet et al, ; Treasure et al, ), and other environmental measures, such as ambient noise levels (Mikkelsen et al, ). However, the attachment of devices to animals is not without consequence for the animals carrying them (Bodey et al, ; Thorstad, Okland, & Heggberget, ; Vandenabeele et al, ; Wilson et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing the impact of biologging devices: Using computational fluid dynamics for optimizing tag design and positioning

et al. 2019

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Biologging devices are used ubiquitously across vertebrate taxa in studies of movement and behavioural ecology to record data from organisms without the need for direct observation. Despite the dramatic increase in the sophistication of this technology, progress in reducing the impact of these devices to animals is less obvious, notwithstanding the implications for animal welfare. Existing guidelines focus on tag weight (e.g. the ‘5% rule'), ignoring aero/hydrodynamic forces in aerial and aquatic organisms, which can be considerable. Designing tags to minimize such impact for animals moving in fluid environments is not trivial, as the impact depends on the position of the tag on the animal, as well as its shape and dimensions. We demonstrate the capabilities of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling to optimize the design and positioning of biologgers on marine animals, using the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) as a model species. Specifically, we investigate the effects of (a) tag form, (b) tag size, and (c) tag position and quantify the impact under frontal hydrodynamic forces, as encountered by seals swimming at sea. By comparing a conventional versus a streamlined tag, we show that the former can induce up to 22% larger drag for a swimming seal; to match the drag of the streamlined tag, the conventional tag would have to be reduced in size by 50%. For the conventional tag, the drag induced can differ by up to 11% depending on the position along the seal's body, whereas for the streamlined tag this difference amounts to only 5%. We conclude by showing how the CFD simulation approach can be used to optimize tag design to reduce drag for aerial and aquatic species, including issues such as the impact of lateral currents (unexplored until now). We also provide a step‐by‐step guide to facilitate the implementation of CFD in biologging tag design.

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“…In addition to the above-mentioned assumption that SRP benefit from slightly colder than usual conditions with regard to SST, the occurrence of a stratified water body may further enhance their foraging success. Thus, vertical temperature profiles can provide further clues, beyond 2D satellite-derived SST data, about specific behaviors displayed by penguins (e.g., Sala et al 2017), but also other seabirds and marine mammals in general (Boehme et al 2008;Treasure et al 2017). In any case, much more research is needed on the relationship between ocean temperatures in three dimensions, food availability, and behavioral plasticity of predators to further elucidate potential climate change scenarios throughout the food web.…”

Section: D Temperature Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

Pütz¹,

Harris

Ratcliffe

et al. 2018

Polar Biol

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Environmental changes often affect the persistence of species or populations at different spatial and temporal scales. Thus, species must either adapt to these changes or experience negative impacts at the individual or population levels. Southern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes chrysocome are distributed throughout the Southern Ocean and have experienced substantial declines in the past which were linked to various anthropogenic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins at Berkeley Sound, East Falkland, Falkland/ Malvinas Islands, during incubation, a period at-sea which is crucial for replenishing body condition between two extended fasting periods ashore. Thus, birds are forced to forage efficiently during that time to balance their energy demands. We linked their at-sea distribution and foraging behavior to satellite-derived sea surface temperatures and temperature-depth profiles which were recorded by devices attached to the birds. While Southern Rockhopper Penguins usually travel several hundreds of km out into the open sea on multiple-day trips during incubation, we found in our study that most birds foraged close inshore, less than 9 km away from their colony, and regularly returned to their breeding site. We propose that this behavior occurred in response to the close proximity of the 8 °C SST isotherm and the vertical stratification of the waters therein. Also, while usually feeding pelagically in open waters, there are strong indications that Southern Rockhopper Penguins performed benthic or, at least, near-bottom dives to catch their prey during these short trips. The consequences of this behavioral plasticity in response to variations in sea temperatures and inferred prey availability are discussed, especially with regard to predicted global climate change.

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Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole: A Review of the MEOP Consortium

Cited by 146 publications

References 38 publications

Southern Ocean Warming

Southern Ocean Warming

Minimizing the impact of biologging devices: Using computational fluid dynamics for optimizing tag design and positioning

Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

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