Marine litter: Progress in developing an integrated policy approach in Scotland

Hastings, Emily; Potts, Tavis

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2013.01.024

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…• Establishment of comprehensive national marine litter programmes Marine litter is a transboundary governance problem as it crosses scale, sectors and social divisions (Hastings and Potts 2013). To solve this problem, each state should develop a national marine litter programme (or a similar management scheme).…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation and Management of Marine Litter

Chen

2015

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

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This chapter aims to provide an overview of the regulation and management instruments developed at international, regional and national levels to address marine litter problems, put forward the potential gaps in the existing management body and suggest solutions. While not covering the gamut of all relevant instruments, a number of existing instruments, including specific management measures contained therein, were profiled as illustration. The management measures illustrated are either on a mandatory or voluntary basis and provide a general, snapshot picture of the management framework of marine litter. They can be broadly divided into four categories: preventive, mitigating, removing and behavior-changing. The preventive and behavior-changing measures are particularly important in addressing marine litter at its root. The former schemes include source reduction, waste reuse and recycling, containing debris at points of entry into receiving waters and land-based management initiatives (e.g. restriction of the use of plastic bags, establishment of extended producer responsibility). The latter schemes aid people's engagement in the other three types of measures, including education campaigns and activities raising awareness (e.g. Fishing for Litter). The potential gaps include limits of existing instruments in addressing plastic marine litter, deficiencies in the legislation and a lack of enforcement of regulations, poor cooperation among countries on marine litter issues and insufficient data on marine litter. To fill these gaps, recommendations are proposed, including establishment of a new international instrument targeted to the plastic marine litter problem, amending existing instruments to narrow exceptions and clarify enforcement standards, establishing national marine litter programe, enhancing participation and cooperation of states with regard to international/regional initiative, and devising measures to prevent marine litter from fishing vessels.

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Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation and Management of Marine Litter

Chen

2015

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

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“…Additionally, plastic pollution can negatively affect ecotourism by creating unappealing coastal land and seascapes (Gregory 1999;Jang et al 2014). It can also impede conservation efforts, and interfere with larger policy objectives (Mouat et al 2010;Hastings and Potts 2013;Vegter et al 2014). Clean-up of marine pollution is extremely costly, reaching millions of dollars a year, making plastic pollution a major cost for local and regional governments (Mouat et al 2010;UNEP 2014;Vegter et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine birds and plastic debris in Canada: a national synthesis and a way forward

2015

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Marine plastic ingestion by seabirds was first documented in the 1960s, but over 50 years later our understanding about the prevalence, intensity, and subsequent effect of plastic pollution in the oceans is still developing. In Canada, systematic assessments using recognized standard protocols began only in the mid-2000s. With marine plastic pollution identified by the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) as one of the most critical challenges for the environment, a greater understanding of how plastics affect marine birds in Canada, along with a national strategy, is timely and necessary. To better understand which and how many marine birds are affected by marine debris, we reviewed reports of plastic ingestion and nest incorporation in Canada. Of the 91 marine bird species found in Canadian waters, detailed plastic ingestion data from multiple years and locations are available for only six species. Another 33 species have incidental reports, and we lack any data on dozens more. Future efforts should focus on characterizing the risk of plastic ingestion among understudied species and on continued monitoring of species that are known indicators of plastic pollution internationally and found in multiple regions of Canada to facilitate comparisons at the national and international levels.Key words: plastic, seabirds, marine birds, Canada, debris.Résumé : Déjà dans les années 1960, sont parus des documents faisant état de l'ingestion de plastique par les oiseaux marins, mais 50 ans plus tard notre compréhension sur la prévalence, l'intensité et les effets subséquents de la pollution par le plastique dans les océans est toujours en développement. Au Canada, des évaluations systématiques basées sur des protocoles standard reconnus ont débuté seulement au milieu des années 2000. La pollution marine par le plastique ayant été reconnue par le Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE) comme un des défis les plus critiques pour l'environnement, il est nécessaire d'avoir une meilleure compréhension de la façon avec laquelle les plastiques affectent les oiseaux marins au Canada; le temps est venu de développer une stratégie nationale qui s'impose. Afin de mieux comprendre quels sont les espèces et les nombres d'oiseaux de mer affectés par les débris marins, les auteurs ont revu les rapports sur l'ingestion de plastique et son incorporation dans les nids au Canada. Sur les 91 espèces d'oiseaux marins répertoriés dans les eaux canadiennes, on ne retrouve des données détaillées provenant de nombreuses années et locations que pour six espèces. On retrouve des rapports occasionnels pour 33 espèces et il n'existe aucune donnée pour d'autres douzaines d'espèces. Les futurs efforts de suivi devraient se concentrer sur la caractérisation du risque de l'ingestion de plastique chez les espèces sous étudiées et sur le suivi continu des espèces réputées indicatrices de la pollution partout au monde, présentes dans plusieurs régions du Canada, afin de faciliter les comparaisons aux échelles nationale et int...

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“…The increased demand of human needs have put land and water systems into constant stress. In addition, various human activities and natural processes further contribute to the environmental hazards of the water system (Ouyang et al, 2006;Few, 2007;Huang et al, 2010;Margonia and Psilovikos, 2010;Liu et al, 2011;Hastings and Potts, 2013;Stojanovica and Farmerb, 2013;Brooks et al, 2015). Lake water is an important life support, recreational, commercial and aesthetic resource for a society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%