Marine Contribution to the Chemical Composition of Coastal and Inland Antarctic Snow

Cincinelli, Alessandra; Desideri, Pier Giorgio; Lepri, Luciano; Checchini, Leonardo; Bubba, Massimo Del; Udisti, Roberto

doi:10.1080/03067310108044390

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[16] Organic contaminants that, when airborne, are mostly partitioning to the particulate phase such as monoaromatics, alkanes and aldehydes, were reported from both coastal and inland Antarctic snow samples and apportioned to marine origin (sea spray aerosol). [17] Long-range transport to Antarctica from other continents has been suggested as the main source for several chlorinated organic compounds, [3] albeit without a substantiation by case studies. Intercontinental transport has also been suggested as the main source of PAHs based on measurements in soil [10] and on multicompartmental modelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of Antarctic snow by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated by combustion sources in the polar region

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental context. Is long-range transport from populated and industrialised areas to blame for pollution of remote regions? We report that, for the world's most remote region, Antarctica, and one prominent class of global pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, long-range transport from other continents has not contributed significantly to recent snow contamination. Rather, the major sources are regional scientific stations and ocean transport, mostly tourism.Abstract. Firn samples attributed to the period between 2002 and 2005 were collected from a snow pit on the Ekström Shelf Ice in the Weddell Sea (70843.8 0 S, 8825.1 0 W). Low-volume meltwater samples (5 mL) were extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The recovery of the analytical method for the 4-6 ring PAHs was low. PAH concentrations in snow were found within the range of 26-197 ng L À1 . The most prevailing substances were determined to be naphthalene, 1-and 2methylnaphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene and phenanthrene, with naphthalene accounting for an overall mean of 82% of total PAH. Potential emission sources of PAHs in snow were studied using back-trajectory statistics and available emission data of combustion sources in and around Antarctica. The distance to the sources (ships and research stations) in this region was found to control the snow PAH concentrations. There was no indication for intercontinental transport or marine sources.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of Antarctic snow by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated by combustion sources in the polar region

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some precautions were taken to avoid contamination in the laboratory. Blanks procedure was performed as reported elsewhere [18,19]. The blank concentration of organic compounds were 0.8-1.3 ng l − 1 for n-alkanes, and 0.002-0.006 ng l − 1 for PAHs.…”

Section: Chemicals and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-Alkanes, PAHs and surfactants in the sea surface microlayer and sea water samples of the Gerlache Inlet sea (Antarctica)

Stortini

Martellini

Bubba

et al. 2009

Microchemical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oSea surface microlayer (SML) and sea water samples (SSW) collected in the Gerlache Inlet Sea (Antarctica) were analysed for n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The SML is a potential enrichment site of hydrophobic organic compounds compared to the underlying water column. Total concentration ranges of n-alkanes and PAHs (dissolved and particulate) in subsurface water (− 0.5 m depth) were 272-553 ng l − 1 (mean: 448 ng l − 1 ) and 5.27-9.43 ng l − 1 (mean: 7.06 ng l − 1 ), respectively. In the SML, the concentration ranges of n-alkanes and PAHs were 353-968 ng l − 1 (mean: 611 ng l − 1 ) and 7.32-23.94 ng l − 1 (mean: 13.22 ng l − 1 ), respectively. To evaluate possible PAH contamination sources, specific PAH ratios were calculated. The ratios reflected a predominant petrogenic input. A characterisation of surface active substances was also performed on SML and SSW samples, both by gas bubble extraction, and by dynamic surface tension measurements. Results showed a good correlation between n-alkanes, PAHs and refractory organic matter.

show abstract

“…The chemical nature of this material includes hydrocarbon components, lipids, fulvic and humic acids which contains carbonyls group (Cincinelli et al, 2001a). The implications of the presence of such light-absorbing organics and the possible photochemical reactions are not yet well understood in the sea surface microlayer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced oxidation of sea salt halides by aromatic ketones: a source of halogenated radicals

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.The interactions between triplet state benzophenone and halide anion species (Cl − , Br − and I − ) have been studied by laser flash photolysis (at 355 nm) in aqueous solutions at room temperature. The decay of the triplet state of benzophenone was followed at 525 nm. Triplet lifetime measurements gave rate constants, k q (M −1 s −1 ), close to diffusion controlled limit for iodide (∼8×10 9 M −1 s −1 ), somewhat less for bromide (∼3×10 8 M −1 s −1 ) and much lower for chloride (<10 6 M −1 s −1 ). The halide (X − ) quenches the triplet state; the resulting product has a transient absorption at 355 nm and a lifetime much longer than that of the benzophenone triplet state, is formed. This transient absorption feature matches those of the corresponding radical anion (X − 2 ). We therefore suggest that such reactive quenching is a photosensitized source of halogen in the atmosphere or the driving force for the chemical oxidation of the oceanic surface micro layer.

show abstract

Marine Contribution to the Chemical Composition of Coastal and Inland Antarctic Snow

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Contamination of Antarctic snow by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated by combustion sources in the polar region

Contamination of Antarctic snow by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated by combustion sources in the polar region

n-Alkanes, PAHs and surfactants in the sea surface microlayer and sea water samples of the Gerlache Inlet sea (Antarctica)

Photoinduced oxidation of sea salt halides by aromatic ketones: a source of halogenated radicals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About