Marine conservation finance: The need for and scope of an emerging field

Bos, Melissa; Pressey, Robert L.; Stoeckl, Natalie

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.06.021

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Our finding that broader public sector involvement went hand-in-hand with private sector engagement is underexposed in conservation-related literature. Efficiency-focussed literature proposes that deeper private sector engagement is both desirable and necessary for additional financing (Bos et al 2015;McFarland 2015) and better conservation management (Borie et al 2014;Bruner et al 2004;Rosendal and Schei 2014;Whitelaw et al 2014). However, there is little discussion in this literature of how the relationship works in practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within efficiency-focussed literature, the above processes are generally deemed necessary to enhance the financial capacity within nature conservation (Bos et al 2015;Phelps et al 2011). However, critical scholars are suspicious of them, viewing them as "new, although unequal, interdependencies" (MacDonald 2010b, p. 539), that do not show any improvements in accumulating more private financing for conservation (Dempsey and Suarez 2016) but instead produce deep shifts in the discourses, institutional arrangements, goals and operations of nature conservation (Sullivan 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Broadly speaking, academic literature on funding for conservation oscillates between focussing on efficiency on the one hand (Armsworth et al 2012;Bennett et al 2015;Bos et al 2015;Larson et al 2016;Miller et al 2013) and taking a critical stance on conservation networks on the other hand (Büscher et al 2014;Corson 2010;Kay 2018). The efficiency-focussed literature is primarily concerned with optimising funding, for example by looking into the efficiency of conservation organisations, the workings of financial mechanisms or the institutional and local contexts within which conservation occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Funding for nature conservation: a study of public finance networks at World Wide Fund for nature (WWF)

2019

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One of the greatest challenges in nature conservation is funding. In the pursuit of new financing sources critical to fight biodiversity and ecosystem loss, nature conservation organisations increasingly aim to create networks between states, markets and civil society. Using Manuel Castells' network theory and World Wide Fund for nature (WWF) as a case study, this article aims at understanding how large conservation NGOs utilise networking in their pursuit for funding. Apart from increasing income by attracting public funds from governments and aid agencies, around 2010 WWF's public sector finance strategy expanded to influencing and leveraging finance-both public and private-using public funds. During WWF's engagement with private sector financing, paradoxically its public sector financing grew at the average rate of 7.5% per year. Our network analysis shows that WWF has continuously reworked and renegotiated its position in order to stay connected to the 'space of flows'. WWF and other large conservation organisations have to be in the right networks, speak the right language, and connect to relevant social, informational and political flows to stay relevant and connected to substantial flows of funding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Funding for nature conservation: a study of public finance networks at World Wide Fund for nature (WWF)

2019

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“…Licensed access, for instance franchising whale‐watching activities, and visitor fees can provide direct sources of revenues (Spalding et al, ). Market mechanisms such as cap‐and‐trade and mitigation payments are additional ways to deliver cash and provide incentives (Bos, Pressey, & Stoeckl, ). The Ocean Appreciation Program proposes a voluntary fee per container shipped across the ocean, to be spent on ocean conservation efforts, calculating a potential revenue of US$ 3 billion (Ocean Recovery Alliance, ).…”

Section: Rationale For Innovative Financing Of Biodiversity Conservatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative financing for the High Seas

Thiele

Gerber

2017

Aquatic Conservation

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Abstract1. Innovative financing, that is the development of new funding sources and mechanisms including from the private sector, can be used to deliver promising ocean conservation opportunities.Capital markets are increasingly accessible for sustainable development and climate finance, and are gaining traction for biodiversity conservation. Such financing concepts could also be applied in the High Seas. Drawing on natural capital economics as a way to ascribe economic value, specific marine investment opportunities can be identified and made accessible to new financiers and funding processes. 3. For projects to be attractive to funders they need to be clearly structured and deliver quantifiable benefits. A comprehensive ocean data infrastructure could be put in place to support large-scale marine conservation monitoring cost-effectively. This infrastructure could serve also other ocean users, thereby defraying the cost and could be delivered through public-private partnerships. Development finance and climate finance provide examples for relevant pathways for such integrated approaches.4. Existing efforts to find additional funding for ocean solutions can be enhanced through the range of specific innovative ocean finance mechanisms that are identified. These offer the prospect of long-term support.5. This review draws on progress made at the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Honolulu, Hawai'i in September 2016 and builds on the momentum created by the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals.

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“…Worldwide, implementing sustainable financing mechanisms for MPA management is a challenge, especially in SIDSs' like Fiji (Weeks and Adams, 2018). Common sources of funding for MPAs can be local and/or international and include government budget support (Bos et al, 2015), non-government organizations (Binet et al, 2015), user fees (Vianna et al, 2011), ecotourism (Fronseca, 2009) and donations (Reid-Grant and Bhat, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%