Maps of end-stage renal disease and amounts of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prescribed in Japan

Abstract

The renal protective effects of ACE inhibitors have been established by results with animal models of progressive nephropathy and large-scale clinical trials. Our epidemiologic results for Japan as a whole show the same protective effects still more convincingly from a different approach.

Clinical Pathology and Treatment of Renin-Angiotensin System 2. Chronic Kidney Disease and the Renin-Angiotensin System

“…(6), delay the progression from incipient nephropathy to overt nephropathy (7) and from overt nephropathy to endstage renal disease (ESRD) (8,9 (10)(11)(12), and this regional difference was inversely correlated with the amount of RAS inhibitors prescribed ( Fig. 1) (13,14). These findings have been demonstrated in a nationwide scale that in fact RAS inhibitors were working to suppress ESRD in clinical practice.…”

Geographic difference in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among Japanese screened subjects: Ibaraki versus Okinawa

“…Usami et al [15] reported that the intake of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors in Okinawa was lower than that in other parts of Japan, suggesting the insufficiency of CKD therapy in Okinawa. Because the income levels in Okinawa are the lowest in Japan, cheaper drugs are preferred.…”

Design and methods of a strategic outcome study for chronic kidney disease: Frontier of Renal Outcome Modifications in Japan

“…Furthermore, although 50.2% of males and 38.3% of females aged 40 years or older in Ibaraki Prefecture showed hypertension, only 41.9% and 49.2% of them, respectively, were receiving antihypertensive treatment [13], and blood pressure was not adequately controlled in about 50% of those who were receiving treatment [14]. Appropriate interventions are assumed to bring about noticeable effects in Japan, in which RAS inhibitors have not been used effectively as antihypertensive therapy, although a slight increase has occurred in recent years [15].…”