“…The primary functions of EIT are to help stakeholders collect, acquire, integrate, analyze, exchange, and share information and data in PBPs [29]. To date, various EITs have been adopted in PBPs to improve overall performance, including building information modeling (BIM), radio frequency identification (RFID), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, cloud computing, blockchain, digital twin, sensors, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) [29][30][31]. These EITs can cover multiple applications of PBPs in the pre-design and planning, production, transportation, on-site assembly, and operation and maintenance stages, bringing great changes to the implementation of PBPs.…”