Mapping pesticide contamination potential

Khan, Muhammad Akram; Liang, Tung

doi:10.1007/bf01868370

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…- Khan and Liang (1989) applied an attenuation factor (AF) to evaluate the groundwater contamination potential of eleven pesticides for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii.…”

Section: Geographic Information Systems (Gis) As a Tool For Assessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of geographic information systems for assessing groundwater pollution potential by pesticides in Central Thailand

Thapinta

Hudak

2003

Environment International

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This study employed geographic information systems (GIS) technology to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide pollution. The study area included three provinces (namely, Kanchana Buri, Ratcha Buri, and Suphan Buri) located in the western part of central Thailand. Factors used for this purpose were soil texture, percent slope, primary land use, well depth, and monthly variance of rainfall. These factors were reclassified to a common scale showing potential to cause groundwater contamination by pesticides. This scale ranged from 5 to 1 which means high to low pollution potential. Also, each factor was assigned a weight indicating its influence on the movement of pesticides to groundwater. Well depth, the most important factor in this study, had the highest weight of 0.60 while each of the remaining factors had an equal weight of 0.10. These factors were superimposed by a method called "arithmetic overlay" to yield a composite vulnerability map of the study area.Maps showing relative vulnerability of groundwater to contamination by pesticides were produced. Each of them represented the degree of susceptibility of groundwater to be polluted by the following pesticides: 2,4-D, atrazine, carbofuran, dicofol, endosulfan, dieldrin & aldrin, endrin, heptachlor & heptachlor epoxide, total BHC, and total DDT. These maps were compared to groundwater quality data derived from actual observations. However, only the vulnerability maps of atrazine, endosulfan, total BHC, and heptachlor & heptachlor epoxide showed the best approximation to actual data. It was found that about 7 to 8%, 83 to 88% and 4.9 to 8.7% of the study area were highly, moderately, and lowly susceptible to pesticide pollution in groundwater, respectively.In this study a vulnerability model was developed, which is expressed as follow:

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“…- Khan and Liang (1989) applied an attenuation factor (AF) to evaluate the groundwater contamination potential of eleven pesticides for the Island of Oahu, Hawaii.…”

Section: Geographic Information Systems (Gis) As a Tool For Assessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of geographic information systems for assessing groundwater pollution potential by pesticides in Central Thailand

Thapinta

Hudak

2003

Environment International

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“…The persistence of hexazinone varies with soil type, environmental conditions (Rhodes 1980;Rahman 1981;Harrington et al 1982;USDA-FS 1984a), and timing of application (Coackley and Moore 1977) with a half-life ranging from 10-180 days (Gaskin and Zabkiewicz 1986;Khan and Liang 1989;Michael and Neary 1993). For example, hexazinone was found to be more persistent under cold and dry conditions than under warm and wet conditions and was more mobile in a sandy loam soil than in a silt loam soil (Rahman 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative persistence of commonly used forestry herbicides for preventing the establishment of broom (Cytisus scoparius) seedlings in New Zealand plantations

Trần

Harrington

Robertson

et al. 2015

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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Background: Many of the herbicides used in site preparation of forests and during initial selective weed management can persist in the soil for several months, killing or stunting seedlings of broom (Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link) as they establish. The objective of this research was to determine the relative persistence and effect over time of the herbicides most widely applied within radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) plantations in New Zealand on broom survival and growth. Methods: Eleven herbicide treatments were applied in early summer to a Tokomaru silt loam soil. Soil samples were collected from each treatment at fortnightly intervals for up to a year. The samples were placed into pots and immediately sown with scarified viable broom seeds in a heated glasshouse. Relative growth and biomass of seedlings were determined as the ratio of growth and survival in each treatment relative to growth and survival in an untreated control. Logistic curves were fitted to recorded values of relative growth and survival over time and the time to reach 50 and 95% of the vigour of the plants in the untreated control was determined. Results: The treatments can be approximately ranked in the following order from most to least persistent: triclopyr/ picloram > high rate of clopyralid > high rate of hexazinone > terbuthylazine/hexazinone > low rate of hexazinone > low rate of clopyralid > high rate of terbuthylazine > triclopyr > high rate of metsulfuron-methyl > low rate of terbuthylazine > low rate of metsulfuron-methyl. Conclusion: As the rate of triclopyr/picloram used in this work is too phytotoxic to be used selectively over newly planted radiata pines, this treatment would only be suitable prior to tree planting so residual activity would control seedlings that develop after scrub clearance. For post-plant weed management operations, results show hexazinone and high rates of clopyralid to be useful for long-term management of broom as both these herbicides have low phytotoxicity to radiata pine. When combined with low rates of triclopyr and picloram, clopyralid could provide an effective treatment that could be used in combination with oversown or naturally occurring grasses to manage broom.

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“…Regression models have generally used multiple linear regression techniques to relate various soil properties or conditions to groundwater vulnerability or to the accumulation of a solute in the soil root zone (Corwin et al, , 1989. Index models refer to those models generally used to assess potential groundwater pollution hazard with some calculated index generated from either a simple functional model of steady-state solute transport (Merchant et al, 1987;Khan & Liang, 1989;Evans & Myers, 1990;Halliday & Wolfe, 1991;Rundquist et al, 1991) or a steady-state mechanistic model (Wylie et al, 1994). Transient-state solute transport models include both stochastic and deterministic models capable of handling the movement of a pollutant in a dynamic flow system.…”

Section: Gis-based Models For Nps Pollution Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, , and Corwin et al (1989) delineated areas of salinity accumulation in the vadose zone by coupling a GIS of the Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation District to a phenomenological model of salinity development. GIS also has been used for assessing groundwater pollution potential by coupling to a weightedindex site assessment method such as DRASTIC or Seepage or others (Merchant et al, 1987;Evans & Myers, 1990;Regan, 1990;Halliday & Wolfe, 1991;Munnink & Geirnaert, 1991;Rundquist et al, 1991;Hendrix & Buckley, 1992;Richert et al, 1992;Zhang et al, 1993b;Hammen & Gerla, 1994;Kellogg et al, 1994;Smith et al, 1994); and to simple index-based models such as Rao et al's (1985) Attenuation Factor model (Khan & Liang, 1989), Shaffer et al's (1991) NLEAP model (Wylie et al, 1994;Shaffer et al, 1996, this publication), and Meeks and Dean's (1990) Leaching Pesticide Index model (Pickus et al, 1993). All of these approaches, however, assume steady-state conditions.…”

Section: Gis-based Models For Nps Pollution Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS Applications of Deterministic Solute Transport Models for Regional-Scale Assessment of Non-Point Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone

Corwin

2015

SSSA Special Publications

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In recent years, worldwide attention has shifted from point source to non-point source (NPS) pollutants, particularly with regard to the pollution of surface and subsurface sources of drinking water. This is due to the widespread occurrence and potential chronic health effects of NPS pollutants. The ubiquitous nature of NPS pollutants poses a complex technical problem. The area1 extent of their contamination increases the complexity and sheer volume of data required for assessment far beyond that of typical point source pollutants. The spatial nature of the NPS pollution problem necessitates the use of a geographic information system (GIS) to manipulate, retrieve, and display the large volumes of spatial data. This chapter provides an overview of the components (i.e., spatial variability, scale dependency, parameter-data estimation and measurement, uncertainty analysis, and others) required to successfully model NPS pollutants with GIS and a review of recent applications of GIS to the modeling of non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone with deterministic solute transport models. The compatibility, strengths, and weaknesses of coupling a GIS to deterministic one-dimensional transport models are discussed. BACKGROUND IN NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTANTS

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Mapping pesticide contamination potential

Cited by 67 publications

References 8 publications

Use of geographic information systems for assessing groundwater pollution potential by pesticides in Central Thailand

Use of geographic information systems for assessing groundwater pollution potential by pesticides in Central Thailand

Relative persistence of commonly used forestry herbicides for preventing the establishment of broom (Cytisus scoparius) seedlings in New Zealand plantations

GIS Applications of Deterministic Solute Transport Models for Regional-Scale Assessment of Non-Point Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone

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