Manipulatives and Question Series for Elementary School Mathematics Teaching on Solid Geometry

South African Teachers' Beliefs and the Use of Manipulatives to Resolve the Concept-Symbol Schism in Mathematics Learning

“…The search for the root cause of students' underachievement in mathematics has not spared mathematics teachers. In Indonesia, Hidayah, Dwijanto & Istiandaru [19] gave 29 elementary school teachers two planar geometry problems and asked them to provide one-word answers. Only 38% gave correct answers, 34% gave wrong answers and 28% did not provide responses.…”

“…It is not surprising, therefore, that Ms Dikgomo's view of mathematics as a set of rules and procedures to be strictly followed, influenced her to teach mathematics using rote pedagogy, although she conducted lessons in a mathematics laboratory elaborately stocked with manipulatives. Interestingly, rote methods are often used to teach mathematics in many schools, not only in South Africa but the world over [19,41,42]. Larbi and Mavis [3] found that "Over one half of the students [in their study] reported never working in small groups to solve mathematical problems."…”

“…In a study conducted by Tachie [18] in South African schools, one teacher confessed that: "All along a I have been struggling teaching some of the topics in class…Some of the teachers have [also] been experiencing problems with the concepts to be taught." In a test administered to 29 elementary school teachers in Indonesia, only 38% passed, 34% failed and 28% did not provide responses [19]. It is sad to note that some teachers fail to solve mathematical problems they are expected to teach.…”

How Students Solves PISA Tasks: An Overview of Students’ Mathematical Literacy

“…One of the speculations of why this happened is unfavorable learning strategies and methods in Indonesia (Hendroanto, 2018a). Many mathematics teachers still use traditional approach since their practice tends to be a delivering information speech (Hidayah et al, 2018), without using any attractive media nor promoting the students' mathematics literacy skill. The implementation of strategies and methods of learning becomes successful when it could facilitate the students to reach the learning goals, while the success depends on the competence of teachers (Pepin et al, 2017;.…”

Muatan Lokal in Mathematics Learning Process at Schools in Aceh Province

“…All these aspects of muatan lokal are presented in Table 1. Mathematics is a universal science that promotes the development of technology (Revina & Leung, 2018) and is usually regarded as an abstract subject (Hidayah et al, 2018) because the nature of mathematics is usually independent towards culture. Anywhere in the world, the answer to is always the same.…”