Manganese cycling in the Gotland Deep, Baltic Sea

Neretin, Lev N.; Pohl, Christa; Jost, Günter; Leipe, Thomas; Pollehne, Falk

doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(03)00048-3

Cited by 93 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Additionally, there is first evidence that this bacterium was predominantly responsible for autotrophic denitrification processes at the Gotland Deep (3). However, for this site geochemical evidence also points to-wards the importance of redox processes related to manganese and iron transformations (28). Additionally, sulfide and ammonium, another well known electron donator for aerobic chemolithoautotrophs, generally occur together in this pelagic redoxcline.…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…2A). In the Gotland Deep, respective areas could be reached with a flux of settling Mn oxides (28) and probably by Fe oxides. However, the importance of this mechanism has to be further analyzed.…”

Section: Physicochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analogously to the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea proper comprises a number of deep areas with anoxic bottom water, of which the Gotland Deep is the largest and the Landsort Deep, at 495 m, the deepest. In both deeps a stable halocline below 50 to 60 m separates the water column into the upper oxygenated layer and the underlying oxygen-deficient and anoxic/sulfidic layer (22,28). The oxic-anoxic interfaces are generally characterized by high CO 2 dark fixation rates, which may correspond to up to 30% of surface primary production (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of Different In Vitro Electron Donor/Acceptor Conditions on Potential Chemolithoautotrophic Communities from Marine Pelagic Redoxclines

Labrenz

Jost

Pohl

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Anaerobic or microaerophilic chemolithoautotrophic bacteria have been considered to be responsible for CO 2 dark fixation in different pelagic redoxclines worldwide, but their involvement in redox processes is still not fully resolved. We investigated the impact of 17 different electron donor/acceptor combinations in water of pelagic redoxclines from the central Baltic Sea on the stimulation of bacterial CO 2 dark fixation as well as on the development of chemolithoautotrophic populations. In situ, the highest CO 2 dark fixation rates, ranging from 0.7 to 1.4 mol liter ؊1 day ؊1 , were measured directly below the redoxcline. In enrichment experiments, chemolithoautotrophic CO 2 dark fixation was maximally stimulated by the addition of thiosulfate, reaching values of up to 9.7 mol liter ؊1 CO 2 day ؊1 . Chemolithoautotrophic nitrate reduction proved to be an important process, with rates of up to 33.5 mol liter ؊1 NO 3 ؊ day ؊1 . Reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV) was not detected; nevertheless, the presence of these potential electron acceptors influenced the development of stimulated microbial assemblages. Potential chemolithoautotrophic bacteria in the enrichment experiments were displayed on 16S ribosomal complementary DNA single-strand-conformation polymorphism fingerprints and identified by sequencing of excised bands. Sequences were closely related to chemolithoautotrophic Thiomicrospira psychrophila and Maorithyas hadalis gill symbiont (both Gammaproteobacteria) and to an uncultured nitrate-reducing Helicobacteraceae bacterium (Epsilonproteobacteria). Our data indicate that this Helicobacteraceae bacterium could be of general importance or even a key organism for autotrophic nitrate reduction in pelagic redoxclines.Chemolithoautotrophic bacteria play an important role in biogeochemical cycles of aquatic habitats. Molecular hydrogen and reduced nitrogen (NH 4 ϩ and NO 2 Ϫ ), sulfur (e.g., H 2 S and S 2 O 3 2Ϫ ), metals (e.g., Fe 2ϩ and Mn 2ϩ ) and carbon (e.g., CO and CH 4 ) compounds serve as electron donors for these bacteria (37), whereas oxygen and nitrate mostly serve as electron acceptors. CO 2 dark fixation has been determined in different pelagic redoxclines worldwide. For example, Taylor et al. (42) showed that bacterial chemoautotrophy, fueled by reduced sulfur species, supported an active secondary microbial food web in the redox transition zone of the Cariaco Basin. Depending on the season, dissolved inorganic carbon assimilation (27 to 159 mmol C m Ϫ2 day Ϫ1 ) in this zone was equivalent to 10% to 333% of phytoplankton primary production. Madrid et al. (24) hypothesized that sulfide-oxidizing epsilon symbiont relative clones were responsible for the dark CO 2 fixation. Nitrate, manganese, and iron as potential electron acceptors were available for the epsilon symbiont relatives, but their reduction was not investigated. Jannasch et al. (17) isolated nine chemolithoautotrophic bacterial strains from the anoxic interface of the Black Sea. These isolates were unable to utilize nitrate, manganese,...

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confidence: 72%

Section: Physicochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of Different In Vitro Electron Donor/Acceptor Conditions on Potential Chemolithoautotrophic Communities from Marine Pelagic Redoxclines

Labrenz

Jost

Pohl

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This result is consistent with observations from studies of Mn ϩ2 (aq) oxidation in the environment. In depth profiles of oxygen, sulfide, and Mn particulates in the Baltic Sea and Black Sea, the peak concentration of Mn particulates was observed in the region adjacent to the sulfide interface, where dissolved oxygen concentrations are very low (34,47). Bacterial Mn ϩ2 (aq) oxidation appears to be a microaerobic process in certain circumstances.…”

Section: Vol 71 2005mentioning

confidence: 96%

Spatially Resolved Characterization of Biogenic Manganese Oxide Production within a Bacterial Biofilm

Toner¹,

Fakra

Villalobos

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

134

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Pseudomonas putida strain MnB1, a biofilm-forming bacterial culture, was used as a model for the study of bacterial Mn oxidation in freshwater and soil environments. The oxidation of aqueous Mn ؉2 [Mn ؉2(aq) ] by P. putida was characterized by spatially and temporally resolving the oxidation state of Mn in the presence of a bacterial biofilm, using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) combined with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at the Mn L 2,3 absorption edges. Subsamples were collected from growth flasks containing 0.1 and 1 mM total Mn at 16, 24, 36, and 48 h after inoculation. Immediately after collection, the unprocessed hydrated subsamples were imaged at a 40-nm resolution. Manganese NEX-AFS spectra were extracted from X-ray energy sequences of STXM images (stacks) and fit with linear combinations of well-characterized reference spectra to obtain quantitative relative abundances of Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV). Careful consideration was given to uncertainty in the normalization of the reference spectra, choice of reference compounds, and chemical changes due to radiation damage. The STXM results confirm that Mn ؉2 (aq) was removed from solution by P. putida and was concentrated as Mn(III) and Mn(IV) immediately adjacent to the bacterial cells. The Mn precipitates were completely enveloped by bacterial biofilm material. The distribution of Mn oxidation states was spatially heterogeneous within and between the clusters of bacterial cells. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy is a promising tool for advancing the study of hydrated interfaces between minerals and bacteria, particularly in cases where the structure of bacterial biofilms needs to be maintained.The chemistry of many aqueous environments is dictated by reactions that occur at the interface between the aqueous solution phase and the solid mineral and organic phases (43). It is at this interface that microorganisms also accumulate (4, 14). Microorganisms are known to form layered communities (biofilms) characterized by production of extracellular polymers, in which the physical and chemical conditions may differ greatly from those of the bulk solution. Within the biofilm setting, microorganisms carry out dissolution and precipitation of minerals, exerting direct influence on the cycling of trace and contaminant metals alike (18,51).In particular, the precipitation of manganese (Mn) in soils, sediments, and water columns is primarily driven by microbial activity (11,18,33). Although conditions are thermodynamically favorable for the oxidation of aqueous Mn ϩ2 [Mn ϩ2 (aq) ] in the presence of dissolved oxygen, the homogeneous (reaction involving only solution-phase reactants) kinetics of oxidation are slow (32). Rates of Mn oxidation observed in natural waters are often too high to be attributed to homogeneous or surface-mediated reactions (32). Microbial processes are thought to control the precipitation and dissolution of Mn oxides in many natural systems, and Mn-oxidizing microorganisms have been isolated ...

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“…Manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) are important both as electron donor and electron acceptor in redox processes at the redoxcline (Neretin et al 2003). In the suboxic zone, Mn(II) is oxidized mainly by microorganisms to particulate Mn oxide (MnO x ), which sinks through the redoxcline and can then be responsible for various oxidation processes (Neretin et al 2003). Furthermore, occasional inflows of dense seawater into the basins result in the recycling of manganese from the sediments into the water column (Heiser et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shift from denitrification to anammox after inflow events in the central Baltic Sea

Hannig

Lavik

Kuypers

et al. 2007

Limnology & Oceanography

110

120

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Incubation experiments with 15 N-labeled compounds (NO { 3 and NH z 4 ) were performed during three cruises (2002, 2004, and 2005) to study the loss of inorganic N as dinitrogen gas (N 2 ) via denitrification and anammox in the water column of the Gotland Deep (central Baltic Sea). 15 N incubations did not provide evidence for direct conversion of NO { 3 reduction to N 2 (heterotrophic denitrification) in the suboxic (O 2 , 10 mmol L 21 ) sulfide-free waters. Substantial denitrification rates (up to 2.7 mmol L 21 d 21 N 2 ) were measured in water samples collected from the NO

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Manganese cycling in the Gotland Deep, Baltic Sea

Cited by 93 publications

References 47 publications

Impact of Different In Vitro Electron Donor/Acceptor Conditions on Potential Chemolithoautotrophic Communities from Marine Pelagic Redoxclines

Impact of Different In Vitro Electron Donor/Acceptor Conditions on Potential Chemolithoautotrophic Communities from Marine Pelagic Redoxclines

Spatially Resolved Characterization of Biogenic Manganese Oxide Production within a Bacterial Biofilm

Shift from denitrification to anammox after inflow events in the central Baltic Sea

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