Manejo alimentar e densidade de estocagem na larvicultura do peixe ornamental amazônico Heros severus

Abstract

The banded cichlid (Herus severus) is an Amazonian species with potential as ornamental fish, however basic handlings as quantity and feeding frequency as well as stocking density in larviculture are still unknown in order to allow the rational production of this species in captivity. Then the objective was to evaluate the amount of food, feeding frequency and stocking density during the larviculture of Herus severus. Therefore, two experiments were conducted: the first assessed the food concentration (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 Artemia larvae-1) and feed rate (2 or 4 meals day-1), and the second experiment evaluated different stocking densities (1, 5, 10, 15, 20 larvae L-1) with four replications each. Feeding of 250 nauplii larva day-1 distributed in four daily meals promoted the highest weight, length, specific growth rate, weight gain and survival. In the second experiment, reduction in growth was observed with increased in density due to lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen and elevated total ammonia from 5 larvae L-1. Thus, to promote the rational cultivation of the Banded cichlid larvae in captivity, the species should be reared at 5 larvae L-1 fed with 250nauplii distributed along 4 daily meals.

Growth of Amazon ornamental fish Nannostomus beckfordi larvae (Steindachner, 1876) submitted to different stocking densities and feeding management in captivity conditions

“…In addition to the reduction in water quality, there was also a reduction in the productivity performance as stocking density increased. This has been observed in several species, such as Horabagrus brachysoma , Oreochromis niloticus , Trichogaster trichopterus , Pterophyllum scalare, Carassius auratus and Heros severus , due to the behaviour alterations that lead to aggression for feed or territories at high stocking densities (Abe et al, ; Barcellos, Nicolaiewsky, Souza, & Lulhier, ; Gonçalves Júnior, Pereira, Matielo, & Mendonça, ; Gonçalves Júnior, Mendonça, Pereira, Matielo, & Amorim, ; Sahoo, Giri, Chandra, & Sahu, ; Syarifuddin & Kramer, ).…”

“…Similar results were observed in Hoplias lacerdae and Lophiosilurus alexandri with the same feeding frequencies during larviculture (Luz & Portella, ; Santos, Pedreira, & Luz, ). However, an increase in the feeding frequency for other two ornamental species, Pyrrhulina brevis and Heros severus , promoted an improvement in performance (Abe et al, , ).…”

“…According to Abe et al (), the ornamental species Pyrrhulina brevis does not show any alteration in growth with different feeding rates, as was also observed in the present study. During larviculture of another species, 250 nauplii/larvae was an adequate feeding rate for captivity culture of Heros severus (Abe et al, ); however, an increase in the number of Artemia nauplii promoted an improvement in performance, with 900–1600 nauplii being required per larvae of Hoplias lacerdae and Lophiosilurus alexandri (Luz & Portella, ; Santos, Correia & Luz, ).…”

“…In the second experiment, there was a reduction in the water quality due to the high stocking density. This was reflected in the largest dissolved oxygen consumption and the increase in nitrogen compounds produced by the fish (Abe et al, ; Abe et al, ; Luz et al., ; Santos et al, ). In addition to the reduction in water quality, there was also a reduction in the productivity performance as stocking density increased.…”

Effects of feeding rates and feeding frequencies on growth performance, uniformity of the batch and survival rate of Amazon ornamental fish larvae

“…In aquaculture, failures on feeding practices can lead to weight loss, non-standardized growth and an inefficiency of nutrient absorption, impairing growth performance, as well as water quality of the growing environment (Veras et al, 2016a). Thus, it is important to assess an optimum feeding rate and frequency for fish larvae, since it directly influences the survival and growth of individuals, enabling food scheduling, optimizing manpower and consequently increasing productivity (Abe et al, 2016;Zuanon et al, 2011). Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of different feeding rates and frequencies and their potential interaction on growth parameters, uniformity of the batch and survival rate of angelfish and severum larvae fed with artemia nauplii.…”