Management of Hydrocephalus in Children: Anatomic Imaging Appearances of CSF Shunts and Their Complications

Khalatbari, Hedieh; Parisi, Marguerite T.

doi:10.2214/ajr.20.22888

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…[3,36,38] Migrations to the pleural cavity, pulmonary artery, breast, heart, navel, vagina, scrotum, bladder, intestine, oral, and anal protrusions have been reported. [2,[4][5][6][7]9,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]23,25,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] A case of migration of the distal end of the VPS catheter with intravesical knots formation, without body extrusion, or formation of calcification at the migration site is extremely rare, this being the first report found in the literature. irty-one cases in the literature [Table 1], including this one, describe perforation of the urinary bladder by the VPS catheter, 17 of which are related to the extrusion of the distal end of the catheter through the urethra and five of them report the formation of intravesical stones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An in-depth knowledge of the function and anatomical appearance of the different types of VPS systems, their modes of failures and complications, as well as the corresponding findings in the images are necessary to ensure the timely diagnosis and to prevent permanent neurological damage. [8,19] Among the most chosen procedures for surgical approach, there are gentle catheter traction, endoscopic surgery, and exploratory laparotomy. [1] Most authors choose to remove the catheter mainly through open abdominal surgery.…”

Section: Approximately 3 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare case of migration and perforation of the urinary bladder by ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter with intravesical knotted formation: A case report and literature review

Guimarães

Júnior

Martins

et al. 2022

Surgical Neurology International

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Background: The most commonly used technique in the management of hydrocephalus is a neurosurgical procedure, known as ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). Several complications of the distal end of a VPS catheter have been described in the literature, although migration and erosive bladder perforation of this shunt are extremely uncommon. Case Description: We relate a rare pediatric case of a 4-year-old boy, with long-term dysuria, intermittent incontinence, and chronic abdominal pain developed during a myelomeningocele postoperative period, without other symptoms. A bladder fistula with the distal end of the VPS inside the bladder was observed while performing an ultrasound to investigate the urinary tract. Two months before the current surgical approach, the patient, with hydrocephalus and alterations compatible with Chiari malformation, was treated with VPS and subsequently subjected to the third ventriculostomy. The child was unsuccessfully treated with an infraumbilical laparotomy, with section and careful traction of the catheter. A vesicostomy was then performed and the catheter was observed to form an intravesical knot. Conclusion: The intravesical knot formation is extremely rare and its mechanism of formation is still not well understood. Patients with VPS need adequate medical follow-up to identify possible complications of the shunt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approximately 3 Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare case of migration and perforation of the urinary bladder by ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter with intravesical knotted formation: A case report and literature review

Guimarães

Júnior

Martins

et al. 2022

Surgical Neurology International

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“…Failure and malfunction can be caused by obstruction, kinks, or knots in the catheter tubing, migration of proximal or distal shunt components, or valve malfunction. 47 Studies show an increased likelihood of shunt failure occurring in patients with neonatal and infantile shunt placement. To determine this, during routine physical examinations of patients with shunts, palpate along the cranial end of the distal catheter along the scalp and neck to feel for kinks in the catheters; however, this may be limited in some patients due to body habitus.…”

Section: Management and Follow-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing and managing hydrocephalus in children

Alois

Luntz

2023

Jaapa

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Hydrocephalus is one of the most common indications for pediatric neurosurgical intervention and is associated with the need for lifelong monitoring. All clinicians should be familiar with the complications that may arise throughout life in these patients so that they can provide timely intervention. This article focuses on the assessment of hydrocephalus, the appropriate diagnostic workup and differential diagnoses, and evidence-based surgical treatments and associated outcomes.

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“…PCR assay for T.gondii DNA is more sensitive and reliable for prenatal diagnosis during pregnancy, The infection can be detected by amplification of parasitic nucleic acid sequences in amniotic fluid. Infants with potential congenital infection, anti-Toxoplasma IgA and IgM antibodies, and cerebrospinal fluid PCR are recommended to detect Toxoplasma DNA to give a highly sensitive for congenital toxoplasmosis diagnosis [90,91].…”

Section: Fetal Maternal Toxoplasmosis Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical study of TGF-β, PDL-1, and IL-10 in patients with Toxoplasma gondii

Alsailawi¹,

Ayat²,

Mudhafar³

et al. 2022

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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The aim of this study to evaluate the expression of Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), TGF- ß, and IL-10 in placental tissue of aborted women and the correlation with Toxoplasma.gondii (T. gondii) and the correlation of these cytokines with each other and with toxoplasmosis, during an abortion. The placental tissue samples have been processed and used for immunohistochemistry to study the expression of PDL-1, IL-10, and TGF-β. There was an increase in expression of TGF-β, PDL-1, and IL-10 in the placental tissue of aborted women infected with T.gondii, The results of the study showed that the residence of pregnant women in an urban area or rural has no relation with Toxoplasmosis infection (P>0.05), Age shows a significant correlation with Toxoplasmosis, the risk of infection increased with age (P<0.05). The number of recurrent abortions has no significant correlation effect in toxoplasmosis infection and abortion between the positive and control groups (P>0.05), Placental expression of PDL-1, IL-10, and TGF-β show significant correlation during infection with toxoplasmosis (P<0.05).

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Management of Hydrocephalus in Children: Anatomic Imaging Appearances of CSF Shunts and Their Complications

Cited by 8 publications

References 94 publications

Rare case of migration and perforation of the urinary bladder by ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter with intravesical knotted formation: A case report and literature review

Rare case of migration and perforation of the urinary bladder by ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter with intravesical knotted formation: A case report and literature review

Recognizing and managing hydrocephalus in children

Immunohistochemical study of TGF-β, PDL-1, and IL-10 in patients with Toxoplasma gondii

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