Mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of drinking water disinfection by‐products

Plewa, Michael J.; Kargalioglu, Yahya; Vankerk, D.; Minear, Roger A.; Wagner, Elizabeth D.

doi:10.1002/em.10092

Cited by 404 publications

(356 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

325

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Newly formed Br-DBPs were clearly observed in the mass spectrum (Figure 1c). Similar to the previously detected chlorinated DBPs, 12,13 Br-DBPs also have a characteristic mass difference of 36.4 mDa for the replacement of O by CH 4 . In total, molecular formulas of 441 peaks containing one bromine and 37 peaks containing two bromines were identified in this study.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The observation of decarboxylation is in agreement with previous fragmentation studies of fulvic acid. 14,22,37 However, losses of H 2 O, CO, or CH 4 , which have been previously reported in MS−MS analysis of fulvic acid, 14,22 were not observed. This difference may be attributed to the differences in the structures of the precursor ions.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of Unknown Brominated Disinfection Byproducts during Chlorination Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs), formed from the reaction of disinfectant(s) with natural organic matter in the presence of bromide in raw water, are generally more cytotoxic and genotoxic than their chlorinated analogues. To date, only a few Br-DBPs in drinking water have been identified, while a significant portion of Br-DBPs in drinking water is still unknown. In this study, negative ion electrospray ionization ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) was used to characterize unknown Br-DBPs in artificial drinking water. In total, 441 formulas for one-bromine-containing products and 37 formulas for two-bromine-containing products, most of which had not been previously reported, were detected in the chlorinated sample. Most Br-DBPs have corresponding chlorine-containing analogues with identical CHO composition. In addition, on-resonance collisioninduced dissociation (CID) of single ultrahigh resolved bromine containing mass peaks was performed in the ICR cell to isolate single bromine-containing components in a very complex natural organic matter spectrum and provide structure information. Relatively abundant neutral loss of CO 2 was observed in MS−MS spectra, indicating that the unknown Br-DBPs are rich in carboxyl groups. The results demonstrate that the ESI FT-ICR MS method could provide valuable molecular composition and structure information on unknown Br-DBPs. ■ INTRODUCTIONDuring disinfection treatment of drinking water, naturally occurring bromide present in source water can be rapidly oxidized by chlorine to hypobromous acid (HOBr), which has been noted to be more powerful in reacting with natural organic matter (NOM) to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs) than hypochlorous acid (HOCl). 1−3 Toxicological studies have shown that brominated DBPs (Br-DBPs) are generally more cytotoxic and genotoxic than their chlorinated analogues. 4−7 For example, bacterial studies have shown that bromoacetic acid is approximately 20 times more cytotoxic and 200 times more mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 than chloroacetic acid. 6 Mammalian cell studies have shown that bromoacetic acid is 90 times more cytotoxic and 25 times more genotoxic in Chinese hamster ovary cells than chloroacetic acid. 6 Identifying and controlling Br-DBPs have thus been important issues in securing drinking water safety.To date, approximately 110 Br-DBPs have been reported as drinking water DBPs, most of which were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC−MS) with or without derivatization. 6,8−10 Even with derivatization, however, GC−MS generally is not amenable to the detection of polar/ highly polar Br-DBPs. Zhang et al. 11 have recently developed the precursor ion scan (PIS) method using electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (ESI-tqMS) for fast selective detection of polar/highly polar Br-DBPs. In this method, precursor ion scans of m/z 79 and 81 were used to selectively detect the Br-DBPs, and product ion scan...

show abstract

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Characterization of Unknown Brominated Disinfection Byproducts during Chlorination Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After the gel hardened, a second layer of 0.5% low melting point agarose was applied. Detailed methods for preparing and electrophoresing the SCGE microgels were published previously (50)(51)(52). Cellular membranes were removed by an overnight immersion in lysing solution at 4jC.…”

Section: Naked Nuclei Scge Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Sulfide Induces Direct Radical-Associated DNA Damage

Attene‐Ramos

Wagner

Gaskins

et al. 2007

Molecular Cancer Research

Self Cite

246

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is produced by indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria in the large intestine and represents an environmental insult to the colonic epithelium. Clinical studies have linked the presence of either sulfate-reducing bacteria or H 2 S in the colon with chronic disorders such as ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer, although at this point, the evidence is circumstantial and underlying mechanisms remain undefined. We showed previously that sulfide at concentrations similar to those found in the human colon induced genomic DNA damage in mammalian cells. The present study addressed the nature of the DNA damage by determining if sulfide is directly genotoxic or if genotoxicity requires cellular metabolism. We also questioned if sulfide genotoxicity is mediated by free radicals and if DNA base oxidation is involved. Naked nuclei from untreated Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated with sulfide; DNA damage was induced by concentrations as low as 1 Mmol/L. This damage was effectively quenched by cotreatment with butylhydroxyanisole. Furthermore, sulfide treatment increased the number of oxidized bases recognized by formamidopyrimidine [fapy]-DNA glycosylase. These results confirm the genotoxicity of sulfide and strongly implicate that this genotoxicity is mediated by free radicals. These observations highlight the possible role of sulfide as an environmental insult that, given a predisposing genetic background, may lead to genomic instability or the cumulative mutations characteristic of colorectal cancer. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(5):455 -9)

show abstract

“…Many of these DBPs have been shown to be cytotoxic, genetoxic or cause cancer in laboratory animals, and for 44 these reasons, they are considered to be of public health concern (Plewa et al 2002). Some epidemiological studies have …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and spatial evolution of trihalomethanes in a drinking water distribution system according to the treatment process

Domínguez-Tello

Arias-Borrego

García‐Barrera

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of drinking water disinfection by‐products

Cited by 404 publications

References 50 publications

Characterization of Unknown Brominated Disinfection Byproducts during Chlorination Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Characterization of Unknown Brominated Disinfection Byproducts during Chlorination Using Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Hydrogen Sulfide Induces Direct Radical-Associated DNA Damage

Seasonal and spatial evolution of trihalomethanes in a drinking water distribution system according to the treatment process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About