Malignant Melanoma in Marathon Runners

Ambros-Rudolph, Christina M.; Hofmann‐Wellenhof, Rainer; Richtig, Erika; Müller-Fürstner, Manuela; Soyer, H. Peter; Kerl, Helmut

doi:10.1001/archderm.142.11.1471

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…17-19,29 Studies have reported exposure to excess doses of sunlight radiation in cyclists and increased risk of cutaneous carcinogenesis in marathon runners. 1-3,8,30 Sports-related skin cancer is a little-known entity, perhaps due to the scarcity of records and to the difficulty of establishing a causal nexus, in view of the long latency period of these neoplasms and the presence of other mechanisms involved in the carcinogenesis process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports-related dermatoses among road runners in Southern Brazil

Leite

2014

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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BACKGROUND Road running is a growing sport. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of sports-related dermatoses among road runners. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 76 road runners. Assessment was performed by means of a questionnaire, interview, and clinical examination. The chi-square and linear trend tests were used for analysis. RESULTS Most athletes were men (61%), aged 38±11 years, who ran mid- or long-distance courses (60.5%) for 45 to 60 minutes (79%), for a total of 25-64 km (42.1% ) or more than 65 km (18.4%) per week. The most prevalent injuries were blisters (50%), chafing (42.1%), calluses (34.2%), onychomadesis (31.5%), tinea pedis (18.4%), onychocryptosis (14.5%), and cheilitis simplex (14.5%). Among athletes running >64 km weekly, several conditions were significantly more frequent: calluses (p<0.04), jogger's nipple (p<0.004), cheilitis simplex (p<0.05), and tinea pedis (p<0.004). There was a significant association between the weekly running distance and the probability of skin lesions. Of the athletes in our sample, 57% trained before 10 a.m., 86% wore clothing and accessories for sun protection, 62% wore sunscreen, and 19.7% experienced sunburn. Traumatic and environmental dermatoses are common in practitioners of this outdoor sport, and are influenced by the weekly running distance. CONCLUSION In this group of athletes, rashes, blisters, sunburn, and nail disorders were recurrent complaints regardless of running distance. Calluses, athlete's foot, chapped lips, and jogger's nipple predominated in individuals who ran longer routes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sports-related dermatoses among road runners in Southern Brazil

Leite

2014

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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“…The practice of sport is highly recommended by health organizations due to its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, but it must be borne in mind that sportsmen/women are potentially exposed to excessive doses of solar UVR, especially during training sessions on hot days. Several studies indicating the occurrence of skin melanomas in marathon runners, 20,21 cyclists, 22 mountain guides 23 and golfers 24 support the idea that participating in outdoor sports can increase the risk of skin cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Personal UV exposure for different outdoor sports

Serrano

Cañada

Moreno

et al. 2014

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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The aim of this paper is to measure UV exposure for three groups of amateur athletes in their training/recreational schedules, using VioSpor personal dosimeters and we found that two of these groups exceeded the international UV threshold level for non sun-adapted Mediterranean skin.. . AbstractExposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the major environmental risk factor in the development of skin cancers and it occurs mainly during outdoor activities. The purpose of this study is to quantify the UV exposure suffered by amateur athletes (tennis players, hikers and runners) in their training schedules. The study on tennis player exposure took place at a tennis club in Valencia during the month of June 2011. With respect to the hiking group, the hikes studied took place in several mountainous areas of Spain andFrance from June to August 2011. Finally, the exposure suffered by ten runners, while participating in a running circuit in the province of Valencia, from March to November 2011, was studied. The athletes were monitored using personal dosimeters (VioSpor), with the tennis players and runners wearing them on the wrist, and the hikers on the shoulder. The median daily personal UV exposure for the hikers was 8.1 Standard Erythema Dose (SED), and for the tennis players 7.5 SED, per day of training. The runners received a median of 14.6 SED while participating in the running circuit, and about 2 SED per competition day. Median daily UV exposure of the hikers and tennis players exceeded 5 SED, which means that, in the case of non sun-adapted skin type III and the non-use of sun protection, erythema may be induced in these subjects. However, the exposure suffered by the runners did not exceed the maximum personal exposure of 5 SED. Accordingly, it is necessary to encourage the use of high protection sunscreens and protective clothing, and to avoid UV exposure in the hottest part of the day.

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“…Recent evidence suggests that marathon runners may face an increased risk of developing melanoma [4]. Sun exposure and the potential effects of immunosuppression due to overtraining and/or endurance exercise have been discussed as etiologic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent study [4], we raised the question of whether marathoners, and even more likely – ultramarathoners, have an increased risk of developing skin cancer, in particular malignant melanoma (MM). After we observed 8 ultramarathon runners with MM among our patients [4], we conducted a pilot case-control study that screened marathon runners for skin cancer, evaluated risk factors for MM, recorded training habits and compared these results to a representative sex- and age-matched control group. We observed significantly more lentigines and atypical nevi among marathon runners, which seemed to correlate with training intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma Markers in Marathon Runners: Increase with Sun Exposure and Physical Strain

Richtig¹,

Ambros-Rudolph²,

Trapp

et al. 2008

Dermatology

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Background: Marathon runners seem to have an increased melanoma risk. Objective: To identify potential melanoma markers. Methods: 150 marathon runners volunteered to take part in the skin cancer screening campaign. After the runners completed a questionnaire about melanoma risk factors, types of sportswear and training programs, they received a total skin examination. The number of lentigines and nevi on the left shoulder and the left buttock were counted in each participant using templates in standardized positions. The potential association of training sportswear and training parameters with the number of lentigines and nevi on the left shoulder was evaluated. Results: The mean number of lentigines on the left shoulder was 19.6 ± 18.2 (SD), whereas no lentigines were found on the left buttock (p = 0.000). The number of nevi also differed significantly between the 2 localizations with higher numbers on the left shoulder (p = 0.000). While lifetime sunburn history and type of sportswear correlated with the number of lentigines, training parameters had an impact on the number of nevi. Independent of their mean weekly running time, runners with higher heart rates while training, higher training velocities and higher physical strain indexes showed more nevi on the shoulder than the other runners (p = 0.029, 0.046, 0.038, respectively). Conclusion: Sun exposure and high physical strain lead to an increase in melanoma markers such as lentigines and nevi in marathon runners.

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Malignant Melanoma in Marathon Runners

Cited by 51 publications

References 17 publications

Sports-related dermatoses among road runners in Southern Brazil

Sports-related dermatoses among road runners in Southern Brazil

Personal UV exposure for different outdoor sports

Melanoma Markers in Marathon Runners: Increase with Sun Exposure and Physical Strain

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