Malignant catarrhal fever in pigs and a genetic comparison of porcine and ruminant virus isolates in Finland

Syrjälä, Paula; Saarinen, H; Laine, Taina; Kokkonen, Tuomo; Veijalainen, P.

doi:10.1136/vr.159.13.406

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…19 In pigs, vasculitis can be caused by PRRSV, African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, BVDV, 17 ovine herpesvirus 2 (sheep-associated form of malignant catarrhal fever), 1,18,34 pseudorabies virus, 21 and bacteria capable of causing multisystemic infections, such as Salmonella choleraesuis, Streptococcus suis, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. 19 Additional differential diagnoses for necrotizing vasculopathy in pigs include edema disease and cerebrospinal angiopathy, caused by shiga-like toxins produced by Escherichia coli, and vitamin E and selenium deficiency (mulberry heart disease), for which the vascular alterations can be a useful indicator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Lesions in Pigs Experimentally Infected With Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Serogroup B

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vasculitis is a hallmark lesion of the severe form of systemic porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). In 2 experimental studies with porcine circovirus type 2 serogroup b (PCV2b), 2 pigs developed fatal PCVAD with acute vasculitis, and 5 related pigs developed chronic lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic peri-and endarteritis. Five of these pigs (1 with acute vasculitis and 4 with chronic vasculitis) had also been inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV1) or BVDV1-like virus. Vascular lesions were similar, independent of whether pigs had been inoculated singly with PCV2b or dually with PCV2b and BVDV1 or BVDV1-like virus. The acute vasculitis was accompanied by marked pulmonary and mesenteric edema and pleural effusion. In situ hybridization demonstrated abundant intracytoplasmic porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) nucleic acid in endothelial, smooth muscle-like, and inflammatory cells within and around affected arteries. The pigs with lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic vasculitis had lesions of systemic PCVAD, including multisystemic lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic or granulomatous inflammation. PCV2 nucleic acid was detected in renal tubule epithelial cells, mononuclear inflammatory cells, and rare endothelial cells in noninflamed vessels in multiple tissues of these animals. The 2 pigs with acute vasculitis had no PCV2-specific antibodies (or a low titer of), whereas the pigs with lymphohistiocytic and plasmacytic vasculitis developed high antibody titers against this virus. These observations suggest that (1) acute vasculitis observed in the current studies is directly caused by PCV2b, (2) chronic vasculitis may in part be mediated by the subsequent immune response, and (3) host factors and viral strain may both contribute to vasculitis in animals infected with PCV2b.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Lesions in Pigs Experimentally Infected With Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Serogroup B

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pulmonary edema and bronchopneumonia may be prominent and account for the principal presenting sign of respiratory distress. 1,137 Abortions and stillbirths were a feature of one outbreak. 39 The proportion of affected pigs tends to be small and the contact with sheep unusually close.…”

Section: Mcf In Cervid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2

O’Toole

2014

Vet Pathol

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The enigmatic pathogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) involves dysregulated immune responses in susceptible ruminant species. Economically important outbreaks of MCF are due to 2 of the 10 viruses currently comprising the malignant catarrhal fever virus group: ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1). Attempts to develop effective vaccines for this group of viruses in the 1970s were sufficiently discouraging that they were temporarily abandoned. This review focuses on recent efforts to understand the pathogenesis of MCF, particularly the sheep-associated form of the disease, with the goal of developing rational control methods, including vaccination. The past 2 decades have seen several advances, including recognition of new members of the MCF virus group, better diagnostic assays, induction of disease by a natural route (aerosol), and clearer understanding of OvHV-2's shedding patterns by domestic sheep. A consistent theme in experimental studies of OvHV-2 in susceptible species is that there are 2 peaks of OvHV-2 gene expression: a preclinical peak involving the respiratory tract and a second in multiple organ systems leading to clinical disease. Latent and lytic gene expression may coexist in tissues during clinical stages in symptomatic animals.Keywords bison, cattle, malignant catarrhal fever, ovine herpesvirus 2, sheep, virus, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, vasculitisIn 1997, we were approached by a bison producer who lost multiple adult animals to malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). 132As is often the case, the producer's questions were pragmatic and dealt with the likely source of infection, how the outbreak might be stopped, and whether effective treatment or vaccination was possible. At that time, our group had worked on MCF for several years, relying in part on case material from natural outbreaks of MCF in domestic cattle. 92,93 Diagnosticians and researchers were the beneficiaries of new diagnostic assays to confirm infection in live animals. 4,70 Unfortunately, the news for the producer was bad. The source of infection was probably domestic sheep, but the distance over which transmission was likely to occur was unknown. The producer reported that no sheep were in the immediate vicinity of her herd. Little was known about how sheep shed the virus or the duration of shedding. Since MCF was of modest interest to the cattle industry, funding for basic studies was constrained. No effective treatment existed. In the wake of that owner's outbreak, it quickly became clear that MCF was of appreciable importance to the commercial bison industry in the United States and Canada. 7,94 The long history and intriguing nature of MCF (Table 1) were small solace to the Colorado producer in the absence of practical solutions from MCF researchers. A total of 27 bison died as a result of the outbreak. Three bison remaining in the herd were butchered. Efforts to raise bison on the property were temporarily abandoned.This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of sheep-...

show abstract

“…ALBINI et al 2003, BARNARD et al 1994, BRENNER et al 2002, CLARK et al 1970, COLLERY u. FOLEY 1996, DECARO et al 2003, DRIEMEIER et al 2002, FRITZ et al 1992, FRÖLICH et al 1998, GULLAND et al 1989, HÄNICHEN et al 1998, HATKIN 1980, KALUNDA et al 1981, KIUPEL et al 2004, LI et al 2006, LØKEN et al 1998, MACKINTOSH 1992, MÜLLER-DOBLIES et al 2001, SYRJÄLÄ et al 2006, WANI et al 2006, WIYONO et al 1994, ZARNKE et al 2002 Problemstellung der hier vorliegenden Arbeit:…”

Section: Abbildung 1: Weltweite Verbreitung Von Bkfunclassified

Goats Are a Potential Reservoir for the Herpesvirus (Mcfv-Wtd), Causing Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Deer

Li¹,

Cunha²,

Abbitt³

et al. 2013

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malignant catarrhal fever in pigs and a genetic comparison of porcine and ruminant virus isolates in Finland

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Vascular Lesions in Pigs Experimentally Infected With Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Serogroup B

Vascular Lesions in Pigs Experimentally Infected With Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Serogroup B

The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2

Goats Are a Potential Reservoir for the Herpesvirus (Mcfv-Wtd), Causing Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Deer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About