Malignancy Detection by Molecular Cytogenetics in Clinically Normal Mucosa Adjacent to Head and Neck Tumors

Abstract

Interphase FISH demonstrated great applicability in detecting chromosome imbalance associated with malignancy in HNSCC and clinically normal adjacent cells, thereby detecting subclinical tumorigenesis. A panel of chromosome probes (chromosomes 3, 8, 9, and 10) is proposed as an efficient and sensitive additional tool for future routine screening of tumor margins and potential diagnosis of residual disease in HNSCC.

A 13-Gene DNA Methylation Analysis Using Oral Brushing Specimens as an Indicator of Oral Cancer Risk: A Descriptive Case Report

“…Furthermore, a positive score (1.81) was calculated in the brushing sample collected from the apparently healthy mucosa 8 months before the insurgence of the secondary cancer. These data are in agreement with previous studies and confirm the identified genetic and epigenetic alterations related to the appearance of a secondary neoplastic manifestation in tumor-adjacent tissue or distant clinically and histologically normal mucosa [ 13 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], but they are in contrast with clinical and histological characteristics of primary OSCC not suggestive of high-risk of relapse (keratinizing-type squamous cell carcinoma of the verrucous type, T1N0M0 with clear margin of resections, absence of perineural infiltration and vascular infiltration depth of invasion <4 mm). Finally, a negative score was detected in the brushing specimen collected from the regenerative clinically healthy area 6 months after removing the secondary OSCC (0.47), and the patient has experienced no further neoplastic manifestations.…”

Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco-Associated Human Buccal Cell Mutations and Their Association with Oral Cancer—A Review

“…These include scraping with a wood spatula (31,34,48,51,52,60,62,91,92), wood tongue depressor (12,32,43,45,56), cotton swab (42), short-bristle cytobrush (28,29,33,40,44,57,95,96), and toothbrush (95,96).…”

13-gene DNA Methylation Analysis from Oral Brushing: A Promising Non Invasive Tool in the Follow-up of Oral Cancer Patients

“…The presence of genetically-altered cells in the surgical margins and tumor-adjacent normal tissue has been shown by molecular analyses [32]. Most studies have identified genetic alterations at the surgical margins in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples but also in extra-biopsies and brushed cells taken from tumor-adjacent clinically-and histologically-normal mucosa or both [33][34][35]. Our previous studies using Ki67 expression to evaluate abnormally high cell turnover demonstrated that a percentage of OSCC patients show abnormally high cell turnover in the clinically-and histologically-normal distant mucosa located far from the primary tumor (e.g., on the opposite cheek) [36][37][38].…”