Male and Female Reproductive Success in Macaca sylvanus in Gibraltar: No Evidence for Rank Dependence

Kümmerli, Rolf; Martín, Robert D.

doi:10.1007/s10764-005-8851-0

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, juveniles spent significantly less time with infants than males and were less often involved in triadic interactions than both males and females. Our relatedness analyses, combined with our knowledge of matriline membership (Kümmerli and Martin 2005), clearly showed that juveniles exclusively handled infants of their own matriline and used these infants mainly in triadic interactions with the infant's mother. Whether and to what extent juveniles use infants to manage relationships with members of their matriline remains somewhat speculative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…We established pairwise rank relationships among males and females based on 592 ''ad libitum'' dyadic agonistic interactions collected mainly during the feeding period throughout the study using only dyadic clear dominance interactions (including aggressive and submissive behaviour) (Semple 1998;Kümmerli and Martin 2005). We calculated pairwise rank distances for male and female dominance hierarchies separately.…”

Section: Behavioural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…von Segesser, personal communication) and were successfully amplified in Macaca sylvanus. We have described PCR and electrophoresis protocols in detail elsewhere (Kümmerli and Martin 2005). Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five with expected heterozygosity between 0.22 and 0.76.…”

Section: Genetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of infant handling and relatedness in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) on Gibraltar

Kümmerli

Martín

2008

Primates

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Among papionin primates, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) shows the most extensive interactions between infants and group members other than the mother. Two different types of interactions occur: (1) long-lasting dyadic interactions between a handler and an infant, and (2) brief triadic interactions between two handlers involving an infant. Previous investigations showed that infant handling by males is best explained as use of infants to manage relationships with other males. In contrast, no adaptive explanation for infant handling by females emerged. Here, we compared the infant-handling pattern between subadult/adult males and subadult/adult females in a free-ranging group of 46 Barbary macaques on Gibraltar to test whether the relationship management hypothesis also applies to female handlers. We further investigated the infant-handling pattern of juveniles and used microsatellite markers to estimate relatedness between infant handlers and the infant's mother. We found that males, females and juveniles all participated extensively in triadic interactions using infants of above-average related females. In contrast, only males and juveniles were highly involved in dyadic interactions with infants of related females, while females rarely handled infants other than their own. The pattern of infant handling was entirely compatible with the predictions of the relationship management hypothesis for males and mostly so for females. Moreover, our genetic analysis revealed that males and females differ in their partner choice: while females preferred to interact with related females, males had no significant preference to interact with related males. We further discuss the observed above-average relatedness values between infant handlers and the infant's mother in the light of kin-selection theory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Behavioural Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of infant handling and relatedness in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) on Gibraltar

Kümmerli

Martín

2008

Primates

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“…In contrast, a more recent study by Kümmerli and Martin (2005) suggested 500 male age to be more important than rank in influencing mating outcome. Since in our study 501 higher-ranking males were also considerably older, any potential age-related effects on male 502 reproductive success as reported by Kümmerli and Martin (2005) and Küster et al (1995) 503 cannot be excluded. Given that age and rank are closely related in the Barbary macaque (Paul 504 1989), as in other macaque species (Sprague 1998 for review), it is in any case difficult to 505 disentangle the effect of rank and age on male reproductive output.…”

Section: Paternity and Male And Female Sexual Behaviour 420mentioning

confidence: 87%

Sex-specific reproductive behaviours and paternity in free-ranging Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)

Brauch

Hodges

Engelhardt

et al. 2008

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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“…Although some studies reported that high-ranking males had higher rates of reproductive success (long-tailed macaques [de Ruiter et al, 1994]; rhesus macaques [Widdig et al, 2004]; toque macaques [Keane et al, 1997]), others failed to find any correlation, sometimes in the same species (Japanese macaques [Inoue et al, 1993]; long-tailed macaques [Shively & Smith, 1985]; rhesus macaques [Berard et al, 1993]). In Barbary macaques, initial studies led to the assumption that mating and, most probably, reproductive success is dependent on a male's social position in the group [Paul, 1989], whereas other studies have yielded contrasting results [Kümmerli & Martin, 2005]. Paul et al [1993] found a relationship between dominance rank and reproductive success, but this relationship was not found when only adult males were considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive success in relation to dominance rank in the absence of prime‐age males in Barbary macaques

Modolo

Martín

2007

American J Primatol

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In some primate species dominance rank of males is correlated with reproductive success, whereas in other species this relationship is inconsistent. Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) live in a promiscuous mating system in which males are ranked in a dominance hierarchy that influences their access to females. High-ranking males usually monopolize fertile females during their estrous period and show increased mating activities. Subadult males generally rank below adult males. For Barbary macaque females in the Gibraltar colony, there was no correlation between dominance status and reproductive success. Paternity data for 31 offspring collected over four consecutive breeding seasons were used to test whether male social rank was associated with reproductive success and whether reproductive success was mainly confined to a small number of males. Genetic variation was assessed using 14 microsatellite markers for a dataset of 127 individuals sampled in all five social groups of the Gibraltar colony. Paternity analysis was conducted for offspring in one social group only, where all in-group males were sampled. Eighty-three percent of the offspring could be assigned to an in-group candidate father; none of the extra-group males appeared to have sired an infant. Male dominance rank was not found to contribute to the observed variation in male reproductive output. Fifty-nine percent of the offspring was sired by two low-ranking males, whereas the two top-ranking males sired one-fifth. A highly significant correlation was found for male age and dominance rank. Reproductive success of subadult males might be explained by the gap in the age distribution of male group members. These missing prime males are usually regarded as serious competitors for older males. Subadult males may have gained easier access to females in their absence. In addition, the presence of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, which might also have overpowered possible rank effects, cannot be excluded.

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Male and Female Reproductive Success in Macaca sylvanus in Gibraltar: No Evidence for Rank Dependence

Abstract: The relationship between social rank and reproductive success is one of the key questions for understanding differences in

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Patterns of infant handling and relatedness in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) on Gibraltar

Patterns of infant handling and relatedness in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) on Gibraltar

Sex-specific reproductive behaviours and paternity in free-ranging Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)

Reproductive success in relation to dominance rank in the absence of prime‐age males in Barbary macaques

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