Malaria Treatment of Central Nervous System Syphilis

Driver, J. R.; Gammel, John A.; Karnosh, Louis J.

doi:10.1001/jama.1926.02680220037009

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Experimental infection of malaria-naïve volunteers by the bite of Plasmodium falciparum -infected mosquitoes has been a preferred means to test the protective effect of malaria vaccine and drug candidates in malaria-naïve volunteers. Experimental induction of malaria by the bite of infected mosquitoes has been reported in the literature for nearly 90 years [1] , [2] . The conduct of challenge trials is complicated by the need for a mosquito insectary and expertise of personnel in rearing the insects, the transport of infected mosquitoes to the study site, and tight restrictions on mosquito-rearing and infection to coincide with vaccine or drug administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Challenge by the Bite of Aseptic Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes: Results of a Randomized Infectivity Trial

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundExperimental infection of malaria-naïve volunteers by the bite of Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes is a preferred means to test the protective effect of malaria vaccines and drugs. The standard model relies on the bite of five infected mosquitoes to induce malaria. We examined the efficacy of malaria transmission using mosquitoes raised aseptically in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs).Methods and FindingsEighteen adults aged 18–40 years were randomized to receive 1, 3 or 5 bites of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with the chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strain of P. falciparum.Seventeen participants developed malaria; fourteen occurring on Day 11. The mean prepatent period was 10.9 days (9–12 days). The geometric mean parasitemia was 15.7 parasites/µL (range: 4–70) by microscopy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected parasites 3.1 (range: 0–4) days prior to microscopy. The geometric mean sporozoite load was 16,753 sporozoites per infected mosquito (range: 1,000–57,500). A 1-bite participant withdrew from the study on Day 13 post-challenge and was PCR and smear negative.ConclusionsThe use of aseptic, cGMP-compliant P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes is safe, is associated with a precise prepatent period compared to the standard model and appears more efficient than the standard approach, as it led to infection in 100% (6/6) of volunteers exposed to three mosquito bites and 83% (5/6) of volunteers exposed to one mosquito bite.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00744133

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Challenge by the Bite of Aseptic Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes: Results of a Randomized Infectivity Trial

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Twenty-nine patients died as a result of this treatment\p=m-\a mortality rate of 2.8 per cent. An analysis of the deaths discloses that peripheral circulatory collapse accounted for 12 (41 per cent) ; pneumonia, 5 (17 per cent) ; hyperpyrexia, 5 (17 per cent); suicide, 2 (7 per cent), and erysipelas, vascular accident (cerebral thrombosis), bleeding duodenal ulcer, ruptured spleen and respiratory failure, 1 (3 per cent) each.1…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%