Malaria and malnutrition co-existence among under-five children of tribal dense regions of Odisha: a community based study

Mahapatra, A.; Mohapatra, Sabyasachi; Mitter, Niloy; Dash, Sushree Swagata; Mishra, Rudra Prasanna; Satapathy, Durga Madhab

doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182642

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Malaria and malnutrition are co-existent and synergistic 24 . We found that children with severe malaria were significantly underweight ( P =0.001, unadjusted OR:1.2 (1.08-1.36) ( Table II ), but the wasting levels (WHZ) showed no significant difference between the study group and the uncomplicated malaria group ( Tables II and IV ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-epidemiological profiles & outcome of severe malaria in children under-five in the tribal area of Kalahandi, Odisha

Edassery,

Meher,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Indian J Med Res

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Background & objectives: Severe malaria is a cause of excess mortality and morbidity in children in malaria-endemic areas where indigenous people live. Currently, available reports are all from secondary or tertiary care hospitals across India and some African countries. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and epidemiological profiles of children under five years in two primary care health centres located in tribal-dominant Thuamul Rampur Block of Kalahandi district, Odisha. The outcome of management of severe malaria in these children was also assessed. Methods: A retrospective review of case records of children under five years of age diagnosed and admitted with severe malaria in two non-governmental primary care facilities between 2017 and 2022, was undertaken. Results: There was a declining trend in malaria cases documented in primary care health facilities between January 2017 and June 2022. Of the 4858 cases recorded, 242 (4.9%) had severe malaria, of whom 70.7 per cent (n=171) were children under 5 yr. The median age of the study children was 24 months (16-36). Children aged 1-2 yr had a significantly higher risk of malaria. The majority were tribals (87%), more than half the children presented with neurological manifestations (64.4%), and 49.6 per cent had respiratory manifestations, while 20.5 per cent had severe anaemia (Hb <5 g/dl). Most, 167 (97.7%) severe malaria was due to Plasmodium falciparum . Thirty-two percent of children were severely wasted (WHZ < -3 SD) and 28 per cent were moderately wasted (WHZ <-2 SD). There was no fatality among the 171 children who were managed for severe malaria in the two primary care facilities. Interpretation & conclusions: In high endemic areas severe malaria is predominantly a disease of under-five children and is caused by P. falciparum . Clinical manifestations of severe malaria in children can be varied and life-threatening. Primary health facilities can manage severe malaria successfully, thereby reducing child mortality. Effective collaboration between malaria control and nutrition intervention programmes is essential for appropriate case management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-epidemiological profiles & outcome of severe malaria in children under-five in the tribal area of Kalahandi, Odisha

Edassery,

Meher,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Indian J Med Res

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“…Malaria and undernutrition are two leading causes of increased morbidity and mortality rate among children less than 5 years. This complex association persists in an interwoven vicious cycle that coexists in sub-Saharan Africa [ 14 ]. The interaction association between undernutrition and reducing asymptomatic malaria endemicity remains inconclusive with inconsistent findings [ 15 – 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary intervention on the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among 6–18-month-old children in rural Malawi

Sady,

Chaima,

Hallamaa

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background The complex interaction between malaria and undernutrition leads to increased mortality and morbidity rate among young children in malaria-endemic regions. Results from previous interventions suggest that improving nutritional status of young children may reduce the burden of malaria. This study tested a hypothesis that provision of lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) or corn-soy blend (CSB) supplementation to 6–18-month-old children in Malawi would reduce the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among them. Methods A total of 840 6-month-old children were enrolled in a randomized trial. The participants received 12-month supplementation with three different daily dietary supplementations: CSB, soy-LNS, or milk-LNS, and one control group without supplementation. The prevalence rate of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum was determined by real-time PCR from the participant’s dried blood spots (DBS) collected at the baseline and every 3 months. The global null hypothesis was tested using modified Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) between the control group and three intervention groups at all ages combined. All the models were adjusted for malaria at baseline, season of DBS sample collection, site of enrolment, and household asset Z-score. Results All children combined, the prevalence of P. falciparum was 14.1% at enrollment, 8.7% at 9 months, 11.2% at 12 months, 13.0% at 15 months and 22.4% at 18 months of age. Among all samples that were taken after enrolment, the prevalence was 12.1% in control group, 12.2% in milk-LNS, 14.0% in soy-LNS, and 17.2% in CSB group. Compared to children in the control group the prevalence ratio of positive malaria tests was 1.19 (95% CI 0.81–1.74; P = 0.372) in the milk-LNS group, 1.32 (95% CI 0.88–1.96; P = 0.177) in the soy-LNS group and 1.72 (95% CI 1.19–2.49; P = 0.004) in the CSB group. Conclusion The study findings do not support a hypothesis that LNS or CSB supplementation would reduce the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among Malawian children. In contrast, there was a signal of a possible increase in malaria prevalence among children supplemented with CSB.

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Study of complex associations between severe malaria and malnutrition in pediatric age group

Nauriyal

Kumar

2022

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Malaria and malnutrition co-existence among under-five children of tribal dense regions of Odisha: a community based study

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Clinico-epidemiological profiles & outcome of severe malaria in children under-five in the tribal area of Kalahandi, Odisha

Clinico-epidemiological profiles & outcome of severe malaria in children under-five in the tribal area of Kalahandi, Odisha

Effect of dietary intervention on the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among 6–18-month-old children in rural Malawi

Study of complex associations between severe malaria and malnutrition in pediatric age group

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