“…For example, global value chains (GVCs), which stretch across different countries and occupational settings, each with their own regulatory frameworks and work practices, typically seek to exploit structural inequalities (e.g., wage costs, regulatory burdens) across countries. Indeed, GVCs are predicated on a highly unequal division of labour whereby certain participants (generally in the Global South) are exploited, silenced, and subjected to precarious terms and conditions and effectively are treated as a source of value for the benefit of other participants in the chain (Janssens and Zanoni, 2021; Zanoni et al, 2010). This can result in tragic events, such as the Rana Plaza disaster (Chowdhury, 2017; Reinecke and Donaghey, 2015, 2021) as well as in the everyday reproduction of patterns of gender, racial, and class discrimination.…”