Major Depression and Psychiatric Disorders in Iranian Prisoners Based on a Clinical Interview: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Valizadeh, Reza; Veisani, Yousef; Delpisheh, Ali; Kikhavani, Sattar; Sohrabnejad, Ali

doi:10.5812/semj.44979

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…In this meta-analysis, the pooled depression prevalence among prisoners in Ethiopia (53.4%) was Larger than an Iranian review and meta-analysis study on 1708 prisoners and 12 articles in which a pooled magnitude of depression was 42% [14] and also another meta-analysis that reported 10% of males and 12% of female worldwide prisoners as having depression [8]. The reason for such a high magnitude in the Ethiopian context would be due to the poor setting of prison and poor health care coverage, poor fulfillment of basic human needs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Depression is prevalent in prisoners [13]. A review and meta-analysis study in Iran on a total of 1708 prisoners and 12 articles obtained a pooled magnitude of depression to be 42%; 44% of male prisoners and 33% of female prisoners [14]. Another meta-analysis reports indicated that 10% of male and 12% of female prisoners [8] and 10.2% of male and 14.1% of female prisoners [8] had depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review and meta-analysis of 14 studies identified multiple modifiable factors (environmental, family support and psychological factors) as well as non-modifiable factors (social, demographic, individual and biological factors) as contributing to depression in prisoners [31]. Factors contributing to a variation of prevalence between studies in prisoners were gender, instruments used and offense categories (violent offenses) [14]. Identified determinants for depression in prisoners were female sex [8,[32][33][34][35][36], old age [37,38], multiple incarcerations and work burden inside the prison [8,39,40] and history of mental illness [40,41] from countries abroad whereas in the context of Ethiopia co-morbid medical illness [21,23,25,26], longer duration of a sentence [20,25,26], poor social support [22,23], family history of mental illness, previous incarceration and lifetime alcohol use [23], a suicidal attempt and ever-faced a stressful event [25] were mentioned so far as associated with depression in a correctional setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta-analysis of depressive symptoms among Ethiopian prisoners and a narrative description of its associated factors: a country based systematic review and meta-analysis study

et al. 2020

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Background: The burden of depression in prisoners is increasing and factors such as coexistence of medical illness, lack of social support and longer duration of sentences are contributing to it. However, no pooled evidence on the magnitude and factors of depression in prisoners existed in Ethiopia. The current meta-analysis was therefore aimed to have aggregate evidence on the magnitude and factors of depression in prisoners of Ethiopia. Methods: A search of databases on PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE was carried out systematically. Besides, grey literature sources were extensively investigated. Moreover, the reference lists of the articles selected were searched. Random effects and quality-effects models were used to describe the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms with 95% CI. We also detect heterogeneity between studies using Cochran's Q-statistic and the Higgs I 2 test. A sensitivity analysis was also implemented. Publication bias was checked with Egger's test and funnel plots visually. Results: Among 232 papers identified through the specified database searches only 17 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and only nine (9) studies fulfilled the prespecified criteria and incorporated in the final metaanalysis. The pooled prevalence of Depressive symptoms among prisoners was 53.40%(95% CI: 41.33, 65.46). The pooled prevalence of Depressive symptoms in prisoners was 41.9% in Southwest Ethiopia, 44.43% in North West of Ethiopia, 59.05% in Addis Ababa, and 72.7% Southern Ethiopia. Besides, the pooled Depression symptoms prevalence among prisoners was 51.24% as measured with PHQ-9 and 56.15% with BDI-II. Besides, studies that utilized a relatively large sample size (≥350) yields a smaller pooled prevalence of Depression symptoms, 51.93% than those which utilized smaller sample sizes (< 350); 54.13%. Conclusion: The pooled magnitude of depression in prisoner's population is very high, 53.40%. This pooled effect size for the Depression symptoms was significantly higher in the southern region of the country than in the southwest region. Besides, the pooled prevalence was significantly higher as measured by the BDI-II tool than by PHQ-9. Also, studies that utilized a larger sample size provided a significantly lower pooled magnitude of symptoms of depression than studies that utilized a smaller sample size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta-analysis of depressive symptoms among Ethiopian prisoners and a narrative description of its associated factors: a country based systematic review and meta-analysis study

et al. 2020

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“…Psychiatric disorders are currently widespread across the globe. Anxiety and depression are two highly prevalent disorders in all human societies [1][2][3]. By definition, anxiety is a kind of natural feeling that is experienced in threatening situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants With Antianxiety and Antidepressant Effects in Shahrekord

2019

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A NXIETY and depression are two highly prevalent disorders in all human communities.The purpose of the present study was to report medicinal plant species that local people, according to their ethnobotanical knowledge, in Shahrekord use as antianxiety and antidepressant agents. The present ethnobotanical study was carried out to report and collect indigenous knowledge in the studied region in 2017 via face-to-face interviews and by using a questionnaire distributed among 29 traditional therapists. To this end, interviewers referred to respondents in person to elicit their pharmacological and ethnobotanical knowledge, and then register their viewpoints related to herbal medicine. The data extracted from the questionnaires were appropriately and meticulously tabulated, and data analysis was done by the Excel software.In this study, the formula below was used to calculate the frequency of plant use. Medicinal plants that are used as antianxiety and antidepressant drugs according to the ethnobotanical knowledge in Shahrekord include Fritillaria imperialis L., Ducrosia anethifolia L., Anchusa italyca Retz. (L.) DC., Dracocephalum multicaule, Stachys lavandulifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Tripleurospermum parviflorum L., Crataegus persica, Hypericum scabrum L., Valeriana officinalis, Centaurea cyanus, Rheum ribes L. and Melissa officinalis L are the most herbal plants effective on anxiety and depression on shahrekord ethno-botany.

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“…Common psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders including anxiety, stress, depression, and insomnia, and the resulting pain have a relatively high prevalence and adversely influence the quality of life [1,3]. These diseases cause anxiety, stress, depression, insomnia and a number of other symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethno-botanical study of sedative medicinal plants in Shahrekord

2019

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B ackground, Sedatives are usually prescribed for people who are anxious and worried, and have developed depression. The use of these drugs in the short term can have benefits, but their use in the long term may develop drug addiction. Therefore, research attempts are being made to identify a natural and effective drug source to discover and ultimately produce effective sedative drugs. The aim, The aim of this study was to report plant species in Shahrekord, Iran, that are used as sedatives by collecting local people's information about their properties and methods of use. Methods, This study was conducted in 2017 using face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire distributed among 29 traditional therapists in the region under purpose. The data drawn from the questionnaires were meticulously and appropriately tabulated, and finally analyzed by the Excel software. Results, According to the ethnobotanical knowledge in the studied region, medicinal plants Melissa officinalis, Hypericum scabrum L, Dracocephalum multicaule , Anchusa italyca Retz, Valeriana officinalis, Origanum vulgare L , Kelussia odoratissima , Tanacetum polycephal , Hyssopus augustifolia , Alcea spp, Dianthum capillus-veneris, Lavandula angustifolia are used as herbal sedatives. Conclusion, These plants might be used as alternative or complementary remedies and might be used for preparation of new drugs.

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Major Depression and Psychiatric Disorders in Iranian Prisoners Based on a Clinical Interview: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract: Background: Previous reports on the prevalence of mental disorders in Iran indicated a high prevalence of psychotic disorders in both male and female prisoners.

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

A meta-analysis of depressive symptoms among Ethiopian prisoners and a narrative description of its associated factors: a country based systematic review and meta-analysis study

A meta-analysis of depressive symptoms among Ethiopian prisoners and a narrative description of its associated factors: a country based systematic review and meta-analysis study

An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants With Antianxiety and Antidepressant Effects in Shahrekord

Ethno-botanical study of sedative medicinal plants in Shahrekord

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