Major and Trace Elements in Zooplankton from the Northern Gulf of California During Summer

Abstract

We report the distribution of major and trace element concentrations in epipelagic zooplankton collected in the Northern Gulf of California in August 2003. The Bray-Curtis index defined three element assemblages in zooplankton: (1) major metals, which included only two elements, Na (3.6-17.0%) and Ca (1.0-4.8%). Na had its highest concentrations in the shallow tidally mixed Upper Gulf, where high salinity, temperature, and zooplankton biomass (dominated by copepods) prevailed. Ca showed its highest concentrations south of Ballenas Channel, characterized by tidal mixing and convergence-induced upwelling, indicated by low sea-surface temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass; (2) Six biological essential elements, like Fe (80-9,100 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (20-2,570 mg kg(-1)), were detected in high concentrations in zooplankton collected near Guaymas Basin, which had high surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentrations. (3) Metals of terrigenous origin, such as Sc (0.01-1.4 mg kg(-1)) and Th (0.03-2.3 mg kg(-1)), and redox-sensitive metals, like Co (3-23.8 mg kg(-1)); this was the assemblage with the largest number of elements (15). Both types of elements of assemblage 3 had maximum concentrations in the cyclonic eddy that dominates the summer circulation in the Northern region. We concluded that sediment resuspension by tidal mixing in the Upper Gulf, upwelling south of Ballenas Channel, and the cyclonic eddy were key oceanographic features that affected the element concentrations of epipelagic zooplankton in the Northern Gulf of California. Oceanographic mechanisms such as these may contribute to element incorporation in marine organisms in other seas.

Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in the Coral Reef and Foraminifera Benthic in Coastal Regions of Lampung Bay

“…Coral reefs in the clean up first from salt water sea with distilled water (Milli-Q water) 3 times, to avoid contamination of trace elements of natural [6], [7]. Furthermore, coral reefs weighed a much as 2 grams each, the samples have been weighed in wearing the tube and add a solvent of nitric acid (100%) until dissolved if it does not dissolve typically involves wet digestion in an oven with a temperature of 100%, after a late diluted by adding aquabidest up to 25 ml and centrifuge to separate the sediment carried by fitrat.…”

Bioaccumulation of trace elements in dominant mesozooplankton group inhabiting in the coastal regions of Indian Sundarban mangrove wetland

“…The first part was transferred to buffered formalin for detailed quantitative analyses and the other part was placed in a small nylon sieve and was thoroughly rinse with Milli-Q water to remove salts. To avoid any possible entrainment of elements on the surface of the zooplanktonic organisms, each zooplankton sample was washed three times with distilled water for elimination of fine particulates of trace elements of terrigenous origin (Demina et al, 2009;Rentería-Cano et al, 2011). Then it was kept deep frozen for trace metals analyses in the laboratory.…”