Magnitude and predictor factors of opportunistic infections among adult treatment users at universty of Gondar, 2019

Abstract

Background: Opportunistic diseases cause morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons. There is evidence of death on the predictors of opportunistic infections among people living with HIV in the study areas. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the magnitude and predictors of opportunistic diseases among adults enrolled in the University of Gondar specialized Hospital HIV/AIDS care and Treatment services centre. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was implemented. Simple random sampling methods were employed to select follow-up chart of the patients. A total of 315 medical records were reviewed from University of Gondar specialized referral hospital. Socio-demographic and clinical data including diagnosis of opportunistic diseases were collected from the medical records. Period prevalence of opportunistic diseases over five years of period was determined. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of opportunistic infections. Results: A total of 315 study participant medical records were reviewed from their follow-up charts. The majority of 186 (59%) were female. The median age was 35 years with an interquartile (IQR) of (30–40) and the median duration of antiretroviral treatment were 42 months with IQR of (32-56). The overall prevalence of opportunistic infections was estimated 21.9% with (95% confidence interval (CI, 17.5-26.3). Isoniazid preventive therapy coverage was 76.8%.Using logistic regression multivariate analysis with SPSS Cotrimoxazol prophylaxis (AOR=0.24,95% CI = 0.07-0.86)and base line CLINICAL stage(AOR=2.9,95%CI=1.58-5.34),were independent predictors of opportunistic infection. Conclusions and recommendations Opportunistic diseases were found to be high among HIV infected adults in Gondar specialized referral hospital. Proactive identification, management, and prevention of opportunistic diseases needs strengthen, especially among females, ambulatory or bed-ridden, and patients with low CD4 cell count.