Magnetostratigraphy of the Miocene Chiang Muan Formation, northern Thailand: Implication for revised chronology of the earliest Miocene hominoid in Southeast Asia

Suganuma, Yûsuke; Hamada, Tetsuo; Tanaka, Satoshi; Okada, Makoto; Nakaya, Hideo; Kunimatsu, Yutaka; Saegusa, Haruo; Nagaoka, Shinji; Ratanasthien, Benjavun

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.01.010

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Benammi et al (2002) reported a 13 ± 1.32°counter-clockwise rotation from Mae Moh Basin in northern Thailand. However, their result was later thought to be associated with local tectonics (Coster et al, 2010), and no significant vertical axis rotation was detected by other paleomagnetic studies from the same area (Benammi et al, 2004;Coster et al, 2010;Suganuma et al, 2006). Zhu et al (2008) reported a 12°clockwise rotation since 4.9 Ma in the Yuanmou Basin; however, the overall mean direction did not suggest significant (0.2 ± 3.0°) rotation with respect to the Eurasia reference pole.…”

Section: Tectonic Rotation Of Semtpmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Among the hominoids in eastern and southern Asia (Fig. 1), Sivapithecus from Pakistan is~12.5 Ma (Barry et al, 2002;Kappelman et al, 1991), K. chiangmuanensis from Chiang Muan Basin, northern Thailand is 13.5-10 Ma (Benammi et al, 2004;Chaimanee et al, 2003), or 12.4-13 Ma (Suganuma et al, 2006) or 12.4-12.2 Ma (Coster et al, 2010), K. piriyai from Khorat in northeast Thailand is 9-7 Ma , K. ayeyarwadyensis from Myanmar is 10.4-8.8 Ma (Jaeger et al, 2011), L. lufengensis from Shihuiba in the Lufeng Basin is 6.9-5.8 Ma (Flynn and Qi, 1982;Qi et al, 2006); L. hudienensis in the Yuanmou Basin is 8.2-7.2 Ma (Ni and Qiu, 2002;Yue et al, 2004;Zhu et al, 2005), L. lufengensis in the Zhaotong Basin is~6.2 Ma (Ji et al, 2013). The age of the hominoid from Baoshan remains poorly constrained; however, it was considered to be much younger (3-5 Ma) than the others (Harrison et al, 2002).…”

Section: Age Constraints Of the Xiaolongtan Formation And Associated mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetostratigraphy of the Xiaolongtan Formation bearing Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis in Yunnan, southwestern China: Constraint on the initiation time of the southern segment of the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang fault

Deng

Dong

et al. 2015

Tectonophysics

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The late Cenozoic extensional basins in Yunnan Province (southwestern China), which are kinematically linked with the regional strike-slip faults, can provide meaningful constraints on the fault activity history and tectonic evolution of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau (SEMTP), and further on the geodynamic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. However, this has been severely impeded by the lack of precise age constraints on the timing of fault activity. To better constrain the timing of fault activity and the tectonic rotation of SEMTP, we undertook a high-resolution magnetostratigraphic study on the Xiaolongtan Formation in the Xiaolongtan Basin, which is located at the southern tip of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault and is well-known by the presence of hominoid Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis. Rock magnetic experiments indicate that magnetite is the main remanence carrier. Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity timescale was achieved by combining magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data. Our correlation suggests that the Xiaolongtan Formation sedimentary sequence spans from Chron C5Ar.1r to Chron C5n.2n, which indicates that the age of the Xiaolongtan Formation ranges from 10 Ma to 12.7 Ma, and that the ages of the two sedimentary layers possibly bearing the hominoid L. keiyuanensis are~11.6 Ma or~12.5 Ma. The basal age of the sediments is 12.7 Ma, which indicates that the activation of the southern Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault was initiated at this time. The overall mean paleomagnetic direction (D = 353.2°, I = 34.2°, α 95 = 2.1°, n = 166) documents a counter-clockwise vertical axis rotation of −8 ± 3°with respect to Eurasia, which is the response to the activity of the left-lateral Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault.

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Section: Tectonic Rotation Of Semtpmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Age Constraints Of the Xiaolongtan Formation And Associated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetostratigraphy of the Xiaolongtan Formation bearing Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis in Yunnan, southwestern China: Constraint on the initiation time of the southern segment of the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang fault

Deng

Dong

et al. 2015

Tectonophysics

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“…At present, the earliest-known member of this clade is Khoratpithecus (Lufengpithecus) chiangmuanensis (Chaimanee et al 2003) from Thailand. The extant sample of this species largely derives from between 10.5 and 12 Mya with one specimen from a substantially earlier geological level dating to between 12.4 and 13 Mya (Suganuma et al 2006). Sivapithecus indicus, from the Chinji Formation of the Siwalik Hills of Pakistan, is dated to between 12.8 and 11.4 Mya (Kappelman et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incomplete lineage sorting patterns among human, chimpanzee, and orangutan suggest recent orangutan speciation and widespread selection

Hobolth¹,

Dutheil²,

Hawks³

et al. 2011

Genome Res.

205

180

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We search the complete orangutan genome for regions where humans are more closely related to orangutans than to chimpanzees due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) in the ancestor of human and chimpanzees. The search uses our recently developed coalescent hidden Markov model (HMM) framework. We find ILS present in~1% of the genome, and that the ancestral species of human and chimpanzees never experienced a severe population bottleneck. The existence of ILS is validated with simulations, site pattern analysis, and analysis of rare genomic events. The existence of ILS allows us to disentangle the time of isolation of humans and orangutans (the speciation time) from the genetic divergence time, and we find speciation to be as recent as 9-13 million years ago ( Mya; contingent on the calibration point). The analyses provide further support for a recent speciation of human and chimpanzee at~4 Mya and a diverse ancestor of human and chimpanzee with an effective population size of about 50,000 individuals. Posterior decoding infers ILS for each nucleotide in the genome, and we use this to deduce patterns of selection in the ancestral species. We demonstrate the effect of background selection in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees. In agreement with predictions from population genetics, ILS was found to be reduced in exons and gene-dense regions when we control for confounding factors such as GC content and recombination rate. Finally, we find the broad-scale recombination rate to be conserved through the complete ape phylogeny.[Supplemental material is available for this article.]A prime objective of studying DNA sequences from primate species is to understand the speciation processes and the genomic and phenotypic divergence of the species. The role of natural selection in these processes is particularly interesting to understand. Recently, Locke et al. (2011) added the orangutan to the list of fully sequenced primates, and this opens the investigation of a new time epoch in primate evolution. Whole-genome analysis of the fiveway alignment of the three great apes-human, chimpanzee, and orangutan-using macaque and marmoset as outgroups, allows us to gain insight into evolution on the primate branch leading to human, including knowledge on the speciation processes and speciation times for human, chimpanzee, and orangutan. The variation in divergence times between sequences from different species contains information about the effective population sizes of the ancestral species, and by estimating the effective population sizes, we can disentangle the times of divergence of genomes from the times of divergence of species. Furthermore, the imprint of natural selection shows as variations in the effective population size estimated locally in the genome, and this signature is therefore an important tool for analyzing the effects of selection and their interaction with the effects of recombination and migration.The power to infer the ancestral effective population sizes, the times when species split, and recombinati...

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“…The mine is mainly composed of the Neogene Chiang Muan Formation that unconformably overlies the Jurassic Khorat Group (Suganuma et al 2006). The Chiang Muan Formation is traditionally subdivided into five or seven layers, recognising lignite (coal) beds as key layers (Nagaoka and Suganuma 2002;Songtham et al 2005;Suganuma et al 2006). The five layers proposed by Nagaoka and Suganuma (2002) are currently named as members, based on analysis of sedimentary facies (Fukuchi et al 2007; see also Figure 1(B)).…”

Section: Geological Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two large rodents from the Middle Miocene of Chiang Muan, northern Thailand

et al. 2015

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Two large rodents from the Middle Miocene (13.0-12.4 Ma) were discovered at the Chiang Muan Coal Mine, northern Thailand. One, a beaver (Anchitheriomys, Castoridae), has large cheek teeth with a high crown, the crown base wider buccolingually, basically six fossettes/sinuses, enamel foldings strongly complicated, and hypoflexus/flexid shallow dorsoventrally. Based on dental morphology, this form is more similar to Anchitheriomys suevicus from Europe than to Anchitheriomys tungurensis from northern China. The other species is considerably larger than Anchitheriomys, based on incisor measurements, and lacks longitudinal grooves or deep ridges on the enamel surface, which are diagnostic of Anchitheriomys. Furthermore, the inner enamel observed by scanning electron microscope has uniserial Hunter-Schreger bands, similar to castorids rather than hystricids. This species is indeterminate taxonomically, but differs from any rodents known from Asia. The distribution of Anchitheriomys was previously restricted between the latitudes 308N and 508N, but this occurrence in northern Thailand at low latitude (ca. 198N) suggests that it had wider distribution on the Eurasian continent.

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Magnetostratigraphy of the Miocene Chiang Muan Formation, northern Thailand: Implication for revised chronology of the earliest Miocene hominoid in Southeast Asia

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Magnetostratigraphy of the Xiaolongtan Formation bearing Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis in Yunnan, southwestern China: Constraint on the initiation time of the southern segment of the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang fault

Magnetostratigraphy of the Xiaolongtan Formation bearing Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis in Yunnan, southwestern China: Constraint on the initiation time of the southern segment of the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang fault

Incomplete lineage sorting patterns among human, chimpanzee, and orangutan suggest recent orangutan speciation and widespread selection

Two large rodents from the Middle Miocene of Chiang Muan, northern Thailand

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