Magnetization reversal of microstructured kagome lattices

Westphalen, A.; Schumann, A.; Remhof, Arndt; Zabel, H.; Karolak, M.; Baxevanis, B.; Vedmedenko, E. Y.; Kunze, U.; Eimüller, T.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.174407

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This includes a whole host of other planar geometries such as modified basic spin ice lattices [39], those that use a triangular lattice as a template [40,41], and those that place the nanomagnets on the links of a Kagome lattice [42] or on quasiperiodic lattices [43]. One can also study magnetic elements with perpendicular anisotropy, which are interesting for applications such as bit patterned media [44], and correspond to perpendicular Ising spins placed, for example, on a triangular, kagome or honeycomb lattice [28,45].…”

Section: From Water Ice To Artificial Spin Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics

Heyderman¹,

Stamps²

2013

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

211

193

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Lithographic processing and film growth technologies are continuing to advance, so that it is now possible to create patterned ferroic materials consisting of arrays of sub-1 μm elements with high definition. Some of the most fascinating behaviour of these arrays can be realised by exploiting interactions between the individual elements to create new functionality. The properties of these artificial ferroic systems differ strikingly from those of their constituent components, with novel emergent behaviour arising from the collective dynamics of the interacting elements, which are arranged in specific designs and can be activated by applying magnetic or electric fields. We first focus on artificial spin systems consisting of arrays of dipolar-coupled nanomagnets and, in particular, review the field of artificial spin ice, which demonstrates a wide range of fascinating phenomena arising from the frustration inherent in particular arrangements of nanomagnets, including emergent magnetic monopoles, domains of ordered macrospins, and novel avalanche behaviour. We outline how demagnetisation protocols have been employed as an effective thermal anneal in an attempt to reach the ground state, comment on phenomena that arise in thermally activated systems and discuss strategies for selectively generating specific configurations using applied magnetic fields. We then move on from slow field and temperature driven dynamics to high frequency phenomena, discussing spinwave excitations in the context of magnonic crystals constructed from arrays of patterned magnetic elements. At high frequencies, these arrays are studied in terms of potential applications including magnetic logic, linear and non-linear microwave optics, and fast, efficient switching, and we consider the possibility to create tunable magnonic crystals with artificial spin ice. Finally, we discuss how functional ferroic composites can be incorporated to realise magnetoelectric effects. Specifically, we discuss artificial multiferroics (or multiferroic composites), which hold promise for new applications that involve electric field control of magnetism, or electric and magnetic field responsive devices for high frequency integrated circuit design in microwave and terahertz signal processing. We close with comments on how enhanced functionality can be realised through engineering of nanostructures with interacting ferroic components, creating opportunities for novel spin electronic devices that, for example, make use of the transport of magnetic charges, thermally activated elements, and reprogrammable nanomagnet systems.

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Section: From Water Ice To Artificial Spin Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics

Heyderman¹,

Stamps²

2013

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

211

193

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“…A wide range of interesting behavior 2,3 can be observed in these artificial frustrated magnets by tuning the geometry of square [4][5][6][7] , triangular 8,9 , hexagonal (and kagome) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and brickwork lattices, as well as isolated clusters 21 . In particular, the local moment behavior of these systems has shown that they are good realizations of ice models, and a range of studies have examined monopole excitations and drawn upon close analogies with the pyrochlore spin ice materials.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneto-optical Kerr effect studies of square artificial spin ice

Kohli

Balk

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. B

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We report a magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) study of the collective magnetic response of artificial square spin ice, a lithographically-defined array of single-domain ferromagnetic islands. We find that the anisotropic inter-island interactions lead to a non-monotonic angular dependence of the array coercive field. Comparisons with micromagnetic simulations indicate that the two perpendicular sublattices exhibit distinct responses to island edge roughness, which clearly influence the magnetization reversal process. Furthermore, such comparisons demonstrate that disorder associated with roughness in the island edges plays a hitherto unrecognized but essential role in the collective behavior of these systems.

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“…Using electron beam lithography techniques, one can fabricate periodic arrays of single domain nanomagnets, based on 2-D uniform (or Archimedean) lattices such as the square lattice 9-11 and the Kagome lattice [12][13][14] . Both lattice types have been shown previously to exhibit frustration and spin-ice effects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale structure of the magnetic induction at monopole defects in artificial spin-ice lattices

et al. 2011

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Artificially frustrated spin-ice systems are of considerable interest since they simulate the spin frustration and concomitant rich behavior exhibited by atoms on a crystal lattice in naturally occurring spin-ice systems such as pyrochlores. As a result of the magnetic frustration these systems can exhibit "magnetic monopole" type defects, which are an example of an exotic emergent quasiparticle. The local magnetization structure of such monopole defects determines their stability and thus is critical to understanding their behavior. In this contribution, we report on the direct observation at room temperature of the nano-scale magnetic structure of individual magnetic monopoles in an artificially frustrated two-dimensional square spin-ice lattice, using high resolution aberrationcorrected Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. By combining the high-resolution microscopy with micromagnetic simulation, we demonstrate how nucleation of defect strings, reminiscent of Dirac strings, connecting monopole defects controls the demagnetization process in these spin-ice lattices.

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Magnetization reversal of microstructured kagome lattices

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics

Artificial ferroic systems: novel functionality from structure, interactions and dynamics

Magneto-optical Kerr effect studies of square artificial spin ice

Nanoscale structure of the magnetic induction at monopole defects in artificial spin-ice lattices

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