Magnetism in curved geometries

Abstract

Curvature impacts physical properties across multiple length scales, ranging from the macroscopic scale, where the shape and size vary drastically with the curvature, to the nanoscale at interfaces and inhomogeneities in materials with structural, chemical, electronic, and magnetic short-range order. In quantum materials, where correlations, entanglement, and topology dominate, the curvature opens the path to novel characteristics and phenomena that have recently emerged and could have a dramatic impact on future fundamental and applied studies of materials. Particularly, magnetic systems hosting non-collinear and topological states and 3D magnetic nanostructures strongly benefit from treating curvature as a new design parameter to explore prospective applications in the magnetic field and stress sensing, microrobotics, and information processing and storage. This Perspective gives an overview of recent progress in synthesis, theory, and characterization studies and discusses future directions, challenges, and application potential of the harnessing curvature for 3D nanomagnetism.

Creating Ferroic Micropatterns through Geometrical Transformation

“…In the current example of a rolled-up cylinder this includes the quantification of magnetization configurations in the inner windings of the tube and even the visualization of interactions between neighboring windings. This gives also new possibility for studying physical phenomena in curvilinear magnetism …”

“…In the current example of a rolled-up cylinder this includes the quantification of magnetization configurations in the inner windings of the tube and even the visualization of interactions between neighboring windings. This gives also new possibility for studying physical phenomena in curvilinear magnetism The control of membrane layout, orientation of the anchored edge and rolling direction gives large flexibility to incorporate the created domain configurations into larger assemblies with desired functionality.…”

Control of the asymmetric growth of nanowire arrays with gradient profiles

“… 30 Besides, the proposed method in this work has the drawback of generating gradients around isolated regions without electrical contact in contrast to heterogeneous nanostructures manufactured by other methods such as two-photon lithography and electron beam-induced lithography. 54,55 However, its main advantages are its low cost, ease of production, and flexibility to design patterned electrodes useful for a wide variety of potential applications that require 3D structural control.…”

Toggle-like current-induced Bloch point dynamics of 3D skyrmion strings in a room temperature nanowire

“…Moreover, exotic 3D magnetic objects with higher-order topologies have recently been observed, such as the magnetic hopfion 21 , 22 or bound states composed of multiple SkSs in the form of skyrmion bundles 23 , and skyrmion braids 24 . The potential to devise and assemble dynamic structures using these complex topological states in 3D or curvilinear geometries is a fascinating possibility 25 , with the potential to realise improved spintronic device designs 26 – 29 . Current-induced motion and writing of individual skyrmions has been demonstrated for 2D-like skyrmions 30 , 31 (which we shall define as having vertical size less than their lateral size).…”