Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of the Caudate Nucleus in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Relationship With Neuropsychological and Behavioral Measures

Abstract

These findings provide further evidence of the involvement of the caudate nucleus in the neuropsychological deficits and behavioral problems found in ADHD. The larger caudate nucleus found in the ADHD group could be related to a failure of the maturational processes that normally result in volume reduction.

Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With DSM-IV Combined Type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

“…Several studies have reported that children with ADHD obtain significantly lower scores than their age-matched peers on measures of intellectual functioning [15, 26, 51, 52]. However, contrary to previous reports the mean IQ of the children with ADHD in the current study was in the low average, rather than the average range [3, 8, 16, 27, 29].…”

Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With DSM-IV Combined Type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

“…Several studies have reported that children with ADHD obtain significantly lower scores than their age-matched peers on measures of intellectual functioning [15, 26, 51, 52]. However, contrary to previous reports the mean IQ of the children with ADHD in the current study was in the low average, rather than the average range [3, 8, 16, 27, 29].…”

Volumetric MRI Differences in Treatment Naïve and Chronically Treated Adolescents With ADHD-Combined Type

“…These findings may indicate that the caudate is a structure that is “hard-wired”; that is, medication may not change its volume. This finding is consistent with previous literature indicating that boys with ADHD have smaller caudate volumes throughout development compared with typically developing peers independent of medication status (Castellanos et al, 2002; Mataro et al, 1997). Similar to our previous study (Semrud-Clikeman et al, 2006), medication status did not differentially affect the caudate volume.…”

Striatal volumes in pediatric bipolar patients with and without comorbid ADHD

“…A recent DTI study also suggests normalization of the caudate during late adolescence (Silk et al, 2009). This is consistent with findings of increased caudate volume in older adolescents (ages 15 to 19) with ADHD (Mataro et al, 1997; Garrett et al, 2008). Thus, our findings of smaller caudate volumes in children with ADHD are consistent with previous reports in early/mid adolescence, as our subjects had a mean age of 13.4 +/− 3 years.…”

Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With DSM-IV Combined Type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

“…Several studies have reported that children with ADHD obtain significantly lower scores than their age-matched peers on measures of intellectual functioning [15, 26, 51, 52]. However, contrary to previous reports the mean IQ of the children with ADHD in the current study was in the low average, rather than the average range [3, 8, 16, 27, 29].…”

Volumetric MRI Differences in Treatment Naïve and Chronically Treated Adolescents With ADHD-Combined Type

“…These findings may indicate that the caudate is a structure that is “hard-wired”; that is, medication may not change its volume. This finding is consistent with previous literature indicating that boys with ADHD have smaller caudate volumes throughout development compared with typically developing peers independent of medication status (Castellanos et al, 2002; Mataro et al, 1997). Similar to our previous study (Semrud-Clikeman et al, 2006), medication status did not differentially affect the caudate volume.…”

Striatal volumes in pediatric bipolar patients with and without comorbid ADHD

“…A recent DTI study also suggests normalization of the caudate during late adolescence (Silk et al, 2009). This is consistent with findings of increased caudate volume in older adolescents (ages 15 to 19) with ADHD (Mataro et al, 1997; Garrett et al, 2008). Thus, our findings of smaller caudate volumes in children with ADHD are consistent with previous reports in early/mid adolescence, as our subjects had a mean age of 13.4 +/− 3 years.…”

Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With DSM-IV Combined Type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

“…Several studies have reported that children with ADHD obtain significantly lower scores than their age-matched peers on measures of intellectual functioning [15, 26, 51, 52]. However, contrary to previous reports the mean IQ of the children with ADHD in the current study was in the low average, rather than the average range [3, 8, 16, 27, 29].…”

Volumetric MRI Differences in Treatment Naïve and Chronically Treated Adolescents With ADHD-Combined Type

“…These findings may indicate that the caudate is a structure that is “hard-wired”; that is, medication may not change its volume. This finding is consistent with previous literature indicating that boys with ADHD have smaller caudate volumes throughout development compared with typically developing peers independent of medication status (Castellanos et al, 2002; Mataro et al, 1997). Similar to our previous study (Semrud-Clikeman et al, 2006), medication status did not differentially affect the caudate volume.…”

Striatal volumes in pediatric bipolar patients with and without comorbid ADHD

“…A recent DTI study also suggests normalization of the caudate during late adolescence (Silk et al, 2009). This is consistent with findings of increased caudate volume in older adolescents (ages 15 to 19) with ADHD (Mataro et al, 1997; Garrett et al, 2008). Thus, our findings of smaller caudate volumes in children with ADHD are consistent with previous reports in early/mid adolescence, as our subjects had a mean age of 13.4 +/− 3 years.…”