Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characterization of Orbital Changes with Age and Associated Contributions to Lower Eyelid Prominence

D'Arcy, Sean; Miller, Timothy J.; Goldberg, Robert L.; Villablanca, Jaime R.; Demer, Joseph L.; Rudkin, George H.

doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e3181811ce8

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The significant correlation of age with TOFV may be attributable to a relative reduction in muscular bulk and volume of the globe itself with increasing age (23,24). In addition, Darcy et al (25) observed an increase in total orbital fat and periocular soft tissue with aging, which they claimed was due to fat expansion, which is consistent with the results of the present study, and which may be the rationale for fat excision from the eyelids in plastic and aesthetic surgery. Although the present study revealed an increase in TOFV and TOV with respect to age, there was no statistically significant correlation between the changes in TOFV and TOV, which should be further investigated.…”

Section: Unstandardized Coefficients --------------------------------supporting

confidence: 81%

Exploration of orbital and orbital soft-tissue volume changes with gender and body parameters using magnetic resonance imaging

Erkoç

Öztoprak

Gümüş

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine the total orbital volume (TOV) and total orbital fat volume (TOFV) in normal orbits in different age groups and to investigate the correlation of these measurements with age, gender and body parameters by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI data were acquired retrospectively from a total of 1,453 subjects divided into five age groups with 10-year intervals. The TOV and TOFV were measured using T1-weighted MRI for each subject and body parameters were also obtained. The measurements demonstrated that TOV increased with age and that the volume was larger in men than in women. While weight and height exhibited positive correlations with TOV in male and female subjects in the 20-29, 30-39 and 40-49-year-old age groups, only weight showed a positive correlation with TOV in female subjects in the 50-59 and 60-69-year-old age groups. However, TOFV increased by age in all groups and the increments were larger in women than in men. These results provide basic information about the effect of age, gender and body parameters on TOV and TOFV. The variations in TOV are associated with orbital soft-tissues changes rather than with TOFV.

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Section: Unstandardized Coefficients --------------------------------supporting

confidence: 81%

Exploration of orbital and orbital soft-tissue volume changes with gender and body parameters using magnetic resonance imaging

Erkoç

Öztoprak

Gümüş

et al. 2015

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]23 Other studies have examined age-related volumetric changes in the facial soft tissue and described an increase in the orbital fat and lower eyelid fat, as well as selective atrophy in the cheek fat associated with increasing patient age. 1,[24][25][26][27] While prior studies have described the repositioning of facial soft tissues and the volume changes in the facial fat as primary contributors to the appearance of an older face, it is also possible that specific, age-related changes in facial tissue properties also contribute to the findings associated with an older appearing face.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The age-related increases in T2 values, accompanied by increases in T1 values particularly in male subjects, are suggestive of increasing water content, which may be associated with unique properties of the orbit as previously described. 26 Those qMRI characteristics would help in designing anti-ageing strategies specifically for eye regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR relaxometry for the facial ageing assessment: the preliminary study of the age dependency in the MR relaxometry parameters within the facial soft tissue

Watanabe

Buch

Fujita

et al. 2015

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Objectives: To investigate the location-specific tissue properties and age-related changes of the facial fat and facial muscles using quantitative MRI (qMRI) analysis of longitudinal magnetization (T1) and transverse magnetization (T2) values. Methods: 38 subjects (20 males and 18 females, 0.5-87 years old) were imaged with a mixed turbo-spin echo sequence at 1.5 T. T1 and T2 measurements were obtained within regions of interest in six facial fat regions including the buccal fat and subcutaneous cheek fat, four eyelid fat regions (lateral upper, medial upper, lateral lower and medial lower) and five facial muscles including the orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, buccinator, zygomaticus major and masseter muscles bilaterally. Results: Within the zygomaticus major muscle, age-associated T1 decreases in females and T1 increases in males were observed in later life with an increase in T2 values with age. The orbicularis oculi muscles showed lower T1 and higher T2 values compared to the masseter, orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles, which demonstrated small age-related changes. The dramatic age-related changes were also observed in the eyelid fat regions, particularly within the lower eyelid fat; negative correlations with age in T1 values (p , 0.0001 for age) and prominent positive correlation in T2 values in male subjects (p , 0.0001 for male 3 age). Age-related changes were not observed in T2 values within the subcutaneous cheek fat. Conclusions: This study demonstrates proof of concept using T1 and T2 values to assess agerelated changes of the facial soft tissues, demonstrating tissue-specific qMRI measurements and non-uniform ageing patterns within different regions of facial soft tissues. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology (2015) 44, 20150047. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20150047 Cite this article as: Watanabe M, Buch K, Fujita A, Christiansen CL, Jara H, Sakai O. MR relaxometry for the facial ageing assessment: the preliminary study of the age dependency in the MR relaxometry parameters within the facial soft tissue. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2015; 44: 20150047.Keywords: ageing; facial muscles; adipose tissue; magnetic resonance imaging; quantitative evaluation IntroductionThe face is a complex, multifunctional structure responsible for conveying various emotional expressions. The investigations into the mechanisms of facial ageing have revealed a multifactorial process involving a combination of structures with functional and structural changes including loss of elasticity, facial fat atrophy, weakened muscular support and bony Correspondence to: Dr Memi Watanabe. E-mail: memi.watanabe@bmc.org Cindy L Christiansen received funds from Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, for statistical support. Hernán Jara is named inventor in several patents held by Boston University and Boston Medical Center pertaining to quantitative MRI and Synthetic MRI algorithms and these could be licensed to a major MRI manufacturer (negotiations are taking place with GE Healthcare). Hernán Jara also has received royal...

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“…To calculate the vertical distance from the muscle belly to the electrode, we compared data from several papers. The vertical distance from the inferior aspect of the globe to the orbital floor is about 7 mm (Darcy et al, 2008;Stephan et al, 2009). The IO muscle thickness at the point where it crosses the inferior rectus insertion is about 2.5 mm (Kaufmann and Steffen, 2004).…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do oVEMPs become larger when you look up? Explaining the effect of gaze elevation on the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential

Rosengren¹,

Colebatch²,

Straumann³

et al. 2013

Clinical Neurophysiology

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OBJECTIVES: The ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) is a vestibular reflex recorded from the inferior oblique (IO) muscles, which increases in amplitude during eye elevation. We investigated whether this effect of gaze elevation could be explained by movement of the IO closer to the recording electrode. METHODS: We compared oVEMPs recorded with different gaze elevations to those recorded with constant gaze position but electrodes placed at increasing distance from the eyes. oVEMPs were recorded in ten healthy subjects using bursts of skull vibration. RESULTS: oVEMP amplitude decreased more with decreasing gaze elevation (9 V from 24°up to neutral) than with increasing electrode distance (2.7 V from baseline to 6.4mm; P<0.005). The oVEMP recorded with gaze 24°down had delayed latency (by 4.5ms). CONCLUSION: The effect of gaze elevation on the oVEMP cannot be explained by changes in position of the muscle alone and is likely mainly due to increased tonic contraction of the IO muscle in up-gaze. The oVEMP recorded in down-gaze (when the IO is inactivated, but the IR activated) likely originates in the adjacent IR muscle. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that oVEMP amplitudes in extraocular muscles scale in response to changing tonic muscle activity. Highlights: Gaze elevation significantly increases oVEMP amplitude, while gaze depression decreases amplitude and prolongs latency.  This gaze effect is primarily due to changes in tonic eye muscle activity, while the contribution of changes in muscle-electrode distance is significant but small.  oVEMPs recorded from below the eyes originate mainly in the inferior oblique muscle during up-gaze and in the inferior rectus muscle during down-gaze. 2 AbstractObjectives: The ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) is a vestibular reflex recorded from the inferior oblique (IO) muscles, which increases in amplitude during eye elevation. We investigated whether this effect of gaze elevation could be explained by movement of the IO closer to the recording electrode.Methods: We compared oVEMPs recorded with different gaze elevations to those recorded with constant gaze position but electrodes placed at increasing distance from the eyes.oVEMPs were recorded in ten healthy subjects using bursts of skull vibration.Results: oVEMP amplitude decreased more with decreasing gaze elevation (9 V from 24º up to neutral) than with increasing electrode distance (2.7 V from baseline to 6.4 mm;P<0.005). The oVEMP recorded with gaze 24º down had delayed latency (by 4.5 ms). Conclusion:The effect of gaze elevation on the oVEMP cannot be explained by changes in position of the muscle alone and is likely mainly due to increased tonic contraction of the IO muscle in up-gaze. The oVEMP recorded in down-gaze (when the IO is inactivated, but the IR activated) likely originates in the adjacent IR muscle.Significance: Our results suggest that oVEMP amplitudes in extraocular muscles scale in response to changing tonic muscle activity.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characterization of Orbital Changes with Age and Associated Contributions to Lower Eyelid Prominence

Cited by 67 publications

References 7 publications

Exploration of orbital and orbital soft-tissue volume changes with gender and body parameters using magnetic resonance imaging

Exploration of orbital and orbital soft-tissue volume changes with gender and body parameters using magnetic resonance imaging

MR relaxometry for the facial ageing assessment: the preliminary study of the age dependency in the MR relaxometry parameters within the facial soft tissue

Why do oVEMPs become larger when you look up? Explaining the effect of gaze elevation on the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential

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