Magnetic effervescent tablets containing ionic liquids as a non-conventional extraction and dispersive agent for determination of pyrethroids in milk

Abstract

Conventional magnetic effervescent tablet has many drawbacks, such as not practicable for field processing, rapid moisture absorption, and poor tablet storage characteristics. Herein, we developed a novel magnetic effervescent tablet containing ionic liquid microextraction (MET-ILM) for determination of pyrethroids in dairy milk. It contains only NaCO as an alkali source (no acidic source) in the FeO magnetic tablet; the CO-forming reaction is initiated in the acidic solution containing the analytes, and thus the prepared tablet can be stored for long time periods without deterioration. The combined action of extractant and sorbent vastly increase the extraction efficiency. The optimized procedure consisted of an effervescent tablet, 2:1 HCl:NaCO, and 60 μL [CMIM]PF as extraction solvent. The LODs for five pyrethroids were 0.024-0.075 μg kg with recoveries of 78.3-101.8%. The RSDs were <4.8% and <6.3% for intra- and inter-day precisions. Overall, the method is very feasible for use in the field.

Vortex‐assisted Emulsification Microextraction for the Determination of Pyrethroids in Mushroom

“…The extraction recoveries (Figure ) for the target analytes increased with increasing addition of sodium chloride and then decreased, which indicated that a small amount of sodium chloride played an active role. This could be explained by considerations of salting‐out effects and salting‐in effects . Salting‐out enhances the transfer of analytes into organic extraction solvent and therefore increases the amount extracted, however, salting‐in could lead to the dissolution of the analytes in water thus decreasing the amount extracted and reducing the extraction efficiency .…”

Effervescence-Assisted Microextraction—One Decade of Developments

“…This transformation reaction can be done by adding the metathesis reagent after the tablet dissolution [65] or using it as a tablet ingredient [66]. In other cases, the H-donor is added directly to the sample [67], or the IL plays a double role as extractant and H-donor [68]. Wang et al have recently proposed magnetic ILs as extractants, which simplifies the overall process as the MNPs are no longer necessary [69].…”

Improvements in sticking, hygroscopicity, and compactibility of effervescent systems by fluid-bed coating

“…On the other hand, the rapid moisture absorption by ETs could also lead to destabilizing the drug preparations and therefore reducing the pharmacodynamic efficacy. 30,31 Therefore, it is also benecial to reduce this undesirable property of ETs.…”