Magnesium-L-aspartate-HCl and magnesium-oxide: bioavailability in healthy volunteers

Mühlbauer, Bernd; Schwenk, Michael H.; Coram, Willie Mae; Antonin, K. H.; Étienne, Pierre; Bieck, P. R.; Douglas, Frank L.

doi:10.1007/bf00265863

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Several studies showed that organic Mg compounds, such as Mg aspartate-hydrochloride or Mg lactate, generally have a higher bioavailability than Mg oxide [12,13]. Therefore, the supplementation with Mg citrate, similar to other organic magnesium compounds, may be more suitable to achieve an optimal dietary magnesium intake in comparison to the supplementation with Mg oxide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human studies have tried to investigate which Mg compounds are best suited for Mg supplementation by determining and comparing their respective bioavailability [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Their results suggest that Mg supplementation with organic magnesium compounds such as Mg citrate, Mg aspartate and Mg aspartate-hydrochloride might be more efficient than with the inorganic Mg oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the replenishing of depleted Mg-pools requires a supplementation with rather high amounts of magnesium over a relatively long time [16]. Therefore, an adequate duration of Mg administration in order to saturate the Mg-pools is essential when the bioavailability of Mg is studied by renal excretion after oral administration of a Mg product [9,13,15,16,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study

et al. 2017

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Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study AbstractBackground: The development of several disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and osteoporosis, has been linked to suboptimal dietary magnesium (Mg) intake. In this context, a number of studies have tried to investigate which Mg compounds are best suited for Mg supplementation. Results suggest that organic Mg compounds are superior to the inorganic Mg oxide in terms of bioavailability, but a reliable statement cannot yet be made due to systematic differences in the applied study designs.Methods: This single-center, randomized, open, 2-period, 2-supplementation, 2-sequence, single-dose, cross-over study was conducted in 20 healthy male subjects of Caucasian origin to investigate and compare the bioavailability of Mg citrate, an organic Mg compound, and Mg oxide, an inorganic Mg compound. In order to reliably assess the bioavailability of both Mg compounds, subjects were supplemented with magnesium to saturate their Mg-pools before administration of each study product. The bioavailability of both Mg compounds was then assessed by measurement of the renally eliminated Mg quantity during an interval of 24 h after single-dose Mg administration (A e 0-24h ) as primary endpoint. Additionally, the Mg concentrations in a subset of leukocytes, in erythrocytes and in serum were measured on an exploratory basis.Results: After administration, A e 0-24h of magnesium was higher for Mg citrate than for Mg oxide. A e 0-24h for both study products was compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA), revealing an adjusted mean difference of 0.565 mmol, which was statistically significant at the 5% level (95% confidence interval of 0.212 to 0.918 mmol, p = 0.0034

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study

et al. 2017

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“…Still, the increase in urinary pH after the use of ZMA stands in contrast to previous studies on the effects of magnesium-aspartate supplementation. Mühlbauer et al (1991) reported that magnesium-aspartate supplementation caused a mild decrease in urinary pH, whereas Classen et al (1987) concluded that magnesium oxide but not magnesium-aspartate affects the acid-base status as shown by an alkalization of the urine. So, further investigation is needed to clarify the effect of ZMA supplementation on urinary parameters of the acid-base Figure 3 Urine pH and urine flow in subjects using ZMA (grey) or placebo (white).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum testosterone and urinary excretion of steroid hormone metabolites after administration of a high-dose zinc supplement

et al. 2007

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Objectives: To investigate whether the administration of the zinc-containing nutritional supplement ZMA causes an increase of serum testosterone levels, which is an often claimed effect in advertising for such products; to monitor the urinary excretion of testosterone and selected steroid hormone metabolites to detect potential changes in the excretion patterns of ZMA users. Subjects: Fourteen healthy, regularly exercising men aged 22-33 years with a baseline zinc intake between 11.9 and 23.2 mg day À1 prior to the study. Results: Supplementation of ZMA significantly increased serum zinc (P ¼ 0.031) and urinary zinc excretion (P ¼ 0.035). Urinary pH (P ¼ 0.011) and urine flow (P ¼ 0.045) were also elevated in the subjects using ZMA. No significant changes in serum total and serum free testosterone were observed in response to ZMA use. Also, the urinary excretion pattern of testosterone metabolites was not significantly altered in ZMA users. Conclusions: The present data suggest that the use of ZMA has no significant effects regarding serum testosterone levels and the metabolism of testosterone in subjects who consume a zinc-sufficient diet.

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“…In einer humanmedizinischen Untersuchung zeigte Magnesiumaspartat-hydrochlorid auch im Vergleich zu Magnesiumoxid eine bessere Bioverfügbarkeit (Mühlbauer et al 1991). Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es daher, die klinischen Auswirkungen einer dreimonatigen oralen Supplementierung von organischem Magnesiumaspartat-hydrochlorid (Nupafeed ® , Verla-Pharma) auf die Insulinsensitivität zu untersuchen.…”

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Oral supplementation of magnesium aspartate hydrochloride in horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Winter¹,

Liertz²,

Merle³

et al. 2016

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Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a worldwide problem in human medicine as is the equine equivalent "Equine Metabolic Syndrome" (EMS). In humans, an inverse relationship between serum magnesium content and the incidence of diabetes mellitus type II has been shown. Humans with peripheral insulin resistance often show cellular magnesium deficits and multiple studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of dietary magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity. One study has evaluated the effects of magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity in laminitic horses and could not find differences. In this previous study, a different magnesium formulation (magnesium oxide) and dosage had been used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an oral supplementation with magnesium aspartate hydrochloride in horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome. The study was performed on five horses (four mares and one gelding) of different breeds, aged seven to 26 years with Equine Metabolic Syndrome based on the results of a CGIT (Combined Glucose Insulin Tolerance Test). In these horses body weight, Body Condition Score (BCS) and Cresty Neck Score (CNS) were assessed. The following blood parameters were measured in the serum: magnesium (Mg 2+ ), ACTH, fructosamine, reciprocal inverse square of insulin (RISQI) and modified insulin to glucose ratio (MIRG). Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and triglyzerides (TG) were measured in EDTA blood samples. All horses were supplemented with 30 mg/kg BW magnesium as magnesium aspartate hydrochloride for a time period of three month. Afterwards all blood parameters and the CGIT were repeated. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for non-normally distributed data. Statistical significance was set at 95 %. All horses had increased BCS and CNS ). The magnesium content in the serum, ACTH, GGT, TG and MIRG before supplementation were within the reference ranges in all horses. The fructosamine content was increased in horses one, four and five. RISQI was decreased in horse five. During the magnesium supplementation, no adverse effects were observed. There were no significant changes in body weight, BCS and CNS. There were also no significant changes regarding serum magnesium concentration, ACTH, RISQI and MIRG or GGT and TG. There was a tendency for decreased fructosamine concentration, which was also not statistically significant. In three of five horses the CGIT after magnesium supplementation was negative. These horses reached their glucose baseline levels after at least 45 minutes, while insulin (baseline and after 45 minutes) was within the reference ranges. The remaining two horses did not show significant differences compared to the beginning of the trial. It is concluded that the supplementation of magnesium aspartate hydrochloride in horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome can have positive effects on the insulin sensitivity. Further examinations with more horses are necessary.

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Magnesium-L-aspartate-HCl and magnesium-oxide: bioavailability in healthy volunteers

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study

Higher bioavailability of magnesium citrate as compared to magnesium oxide shown by evaluation of urinary excretion and serum levels after single-dose administration in a randomized cross-over study

Serum testosterone and urinary excretion of steroid hormone metabolites after administration of a high-dose zinc supplement

Oral supplementation of magnesium aspartate hydrochloride in horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome

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