Magnesium insertion electrodes for rechargeable nonaqueous batteries — a competitive alternative to lithium?

Electrochemical Behavior of Magnesium in Mixed Solutions Consisting of Ionic Liquid and Alkylmagnesiumbromides with Different Alkyl-Chains

“…Rechargeable magnesium (Mg) battery that uses metal Mg as the negative electrode is a potential candidate of the next-generation power sources for electric vehicles (EV) and other large scale applications due to high energy density, low cost, easiness to handle, and environment-friendly nature of Mg. 1,2 One of the key technologies for developing practical rechargeable Mg batteries is to establish a reversible redox process (deposition and dissolution) of Mg. However, not like lithium (Li) metal whose surface is covered with a Li + -conducting film, the surface of Mg metal in organic electrolyte solutions generally consists of compact passivation films that are produced by reactions with solvent molecules and/or electrolyte anion.…”

Electrochemical Behaviour of V2O5Xerogel and V2O5Xerogel/C Composite in an Aqueous LiNO3and Mg(NO3)2Solutions

“…A magnesium-ion rechargeable battery might be very attractive, too. For instance, some authors reported that vanadium bronzes [5,6], graphite fluorides [7] and transition metals oxides [6,8,9] may intercalate magnesium, and thus they may be considered as electrode materials for secondary Mg--ion batteries. However, on the present level of knowledge, such a type of battery suffers of two unresolved problems, the first one being the passivation of metallic magnesium if used as anode in commonly used organic electrolytes, and the second one being low capacity utilization during the Mg-intercalation process [10,11].…”

“…Crystalline V 2 O 5 is capable of electrochemical intercalation of Li + and Mg 2+ ions in organic electrolytes, with relatively fair cycling performance [6,8,12]. The amorphous, hydrated form of vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 nH 2 O), has a higher intercalation capacity than its crystalline form, and this was explained by the fact that water molecules expend the interlayer distance of this compound [13].…”

Emerging nanostructured electrode materials for water electrolysis and rechargeable beyond Li-ion batteries

“…Many advantages of magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) originate from the divalent nature and small ionic size of Mg 2+ ion (Figure 9(b)). However the search for electrode materials that allow fast Mg 2+ ion diffusion has proved problematic due to a high energy barrier for ion diffusion resulting from strong interaction between highly polarizing Mg 2+ guest ion and electrode material host lattice [142]. Two strategies were shown to improve reversible intercalation of Mg 2+ ion.…”