Magnesium deficiency and oxidative stress: an update

Abstract

Magnesium deficiency (MgD) has been shown to impact numerous biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. In the present review, we discuss the relationship between MgD and oxidative stress (OS). MgD is accompanied by increased levels of OS markers such as lipid, protein and DNA oxidative modification products. Additionally, a relationship was detected between MgD and a weakened antioxidant defence. Different mechanisms associated with MgD are involved in the development and maintenance of OS. These mechanisms include systemic reactions such as inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, as well as changes at the cellular level, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive fatty acid production.

Increasing the Magnesium Concentration in Various Dialysate Solutions Differentially Modulates Oxidative Stress in a Human Monocyte Cell Line

“…Owing to the positive impact of citrate containing fluids on the hemodynamic parameters and redox status of HD patients, it has recently been proposed to use citrate, instead of the less physiologic acetate, in DFs to improve the outcome of HD process in clinical practice [16,35]. Moreover, Mg deficiency is involved in the development and maintenance of an elevated oxidative stress status, contributing to CVD in HD patients [11,24,36]. Therefore, the use of DFs with high Mg concentrations could prevent uremia-induced oxidative stress in HD patients [11,12].…”

“…Serum Mg in HD patients is affected by the dialysate Mg concentration, which is low (0.5 mM) as standard [23,28,46], and may induce a post-dialytic hypomagnesemia and undesirable hemodynamic effects, such as hypotension, arrhythmia, and calcification) [23,30,46,47]. Furthermore, due to antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of Mg, hypomagnesemia has also been associated with increased oxidative-inflammatory stress [36,48]. In fact, low Mg transitorily leads to pro-oxidant effects, exacerbating ROS production [36,49].…”

“…Furthermore, due to antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties of Mg, hypomagnesemia has also been associated with increased oxidative-inflammatory stress [36,48]. In fact, low Mg transitorily leads to pro-oxidant effects, exacerbating ROS production [36,49]. It is unclear whether Mg deficit can be restored by dietary intake [47].…”

“…Our data suggested that the increase of Mg concentrations in CDF and ACDF, but not in ADF solution, could have a positive effect on decreasing uremia-associated ROS production. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that Mg deficiency enhances cytotoxicity, ROS production, and DNA damage in endothelial cells [36,49,50]. Meanwhile, high Mg levels modulate vascular endothelial cells, enhancing both monogenic response to angiogenic factors and proliferation [51].…”

Serum Magnesium Concentrations in the Canadian Population and Associations with Diabetes, Glycemic Regulation, and Insulin Resistance

“…In another meta-analysis, Mg supplementation was shown to reduce fasting plasma glucose in diabetics and improve HOMA-IR and plasma glucose (in a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test) in persons at high risk of diabetes [50]. The mechanisms by which Mg deficiency may increase diabetes risk are poorly understood but may involve increased oxidative stress and inflammation [35,51,52]. It is important to mention that this study does not provide any information on the temporality of the reported associations with serum Mg given the cross-sectional design.…”