Mafic potassic lavas of the Quaternary West Eifel volcanic field

Mertes, H.; Schmincke, H.-U.

doi:10.1007/bf00381555

Cited by 106 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…1). Both fields are NW-SE oriented coinciding with the preferential orientation of dikes and faults, which served as pathways for rising magmas (Mertes and Schmincke, 1985;Schmincke, 2007).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It is subdivided into three fields: the West, East and Hoch Eifel Volcanic Fields (WEVF, EEVF and HEVF) (Mertes and Schmincke, 1985;Schmincke, 2007) (Fig. 1, inset map).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All images obtained from the SEM micro-CT analyses had a pixel dimension of 512 × 512. A detailed description of Mertes and Schmincke (1985) and Schmincke (2007 Büchel and Mertes (1982) and Schmincke (2007). the SEM micro-CT technique and its applicability to volcanic ash is presented in Vonlanthen et al (2014).…”

Section: Sem Micro-ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and highly silica-undersaturated (i.e. melilite-nephelinitic) composition (Mertes and Schmincke, 1985;Schmincke, 2007). The juvenile clasts from the East Eifel maar phase "Eppelsberg Green Unit" (EBGU) are slightly more evolved and less silica-undersaturated (i.e.…”

Section: Magma Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eifel maars: Quantitative shape characterization of juvenile ash particles (Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

Rausch

Grobéty

Vonlanthen

2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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The Eifel region in western central Germany is the type locality for maar volcanism, which is classically interpreted to be the result of explosive eruptions due to shallow interaction between magma and external water (i.e. phreatomagmatic eruptions). Sedimentary structures, deposit features and particle morphology found in many maar deposits of the West Eifel Volcanic Field (WEVF), in contrast to deposits in the East Eifel Volcanic Field (EEVF), lack the diagnostic criteria of typical phreatomagmatic deposits. The aim of this study was to determine quantitatively the shape of WEVF and EEVF maar ash particles in order to infer the governing eruption style in Eifel maar volcanoes. The quantitative shape characterization was done by analyzing fractal dimensions of particle contours (125-250 μm sieve fraction) obtained from Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM micro-computed tomography (SEM micro-CT) images. The fractal analysis (dilation method) and the fractal spectrum technique confirmed that the WEVF and EEVF maar particles have contrasting multifractal shapes. Whereas the low small-scale dimensions of EEVF particles (Eppelsberg Green Unit) coincide with previously published values for phreatomagmatic particles, the WEVF particles (Meerfelder Maar, Pulvermaar and Ulmener Maar) have larger values indicating more complex smallscale features, which are characteristic for magmatic particles. These quantitative results are strengthening the qualitative microscopic observations, that the studied WEVF maar eruptions are rather dominated by magmatic processes. The different eruption styles in the two volcanic fields can be explained by the different geological and hydrological settings found in both regions and the different chemical compositions of the magmas.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It is subdivided into three fields: the West, East and Hoch Eifel Volcanic Fields (WEVF, EEVF and HEVF) (Mertes and Schmincke, 1985;Schmincke, 2007) (Fig. 1, inset map).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sem Micro-ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magma Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Eifel maars: Quantitative shape characterization of juvenile ash particles (Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

Rausch

Grobéty

Vonlanthen

2015

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…These Group II assemblages do not have the same chemistry as the Mg-poor and felsic selvages and interstitial glasses which are found in both Group I and Group II xenoliths (Edgar et al, 1989). Nor can the phlogopite clinopyroxenites be related to the chemistry of the host lavas which differ most significantly in Na: c. 3 wt.% Na20 in the lavas (Mertes and Schmincke, 1985) as opposed to <1 wt.% Na20 in the xenolith clinopyroxenes and phlogopites (Tables 6 and 7). In general alkali clinopyroxenite xenoliths are characterised by lower levels of Cr and Ni than their olivine-bearing, mafic host lavas (Lloyd et al, 1990).…”

Section: Group II Xenolithsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The paragenesis of upper-mantle xenoliths from the Quaternary volcanics south-east of Gees, West Eifel, Germany

et al. 1991

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Group I xenoliths, orthopyroxene-rich and orthopyroxene-free, contain Cr-spinel and clinopyroxene + phlogopite, and occur together with Group II clinopyroxenites + Ti-spinel + phlogopite in K-mafic pyroclastics southeast of Gees. The petrography and clinopyroxene chemistry of orthopyroxene-rich (opx-rich sub-group) Group I xenoliths is consistent with an 'original' harzburgitic mantle that has been transformed to lherzolite by the addition of endiopside. In harzburgites, orthopyroxenes are reacting to diopside + olivine + alkali-silicate melt, and, by inference, the orthopyroxene-free (opx-free subgroup) Group I, dunite-wehrlite series can be linked to the opx-rich sub-group via this reaction. Progressive enrichment of dunitic material in endiopside-diopside has resulted in the formation of wehrlite. Phlogopite is titaniferous and occurs as a trace mineral in opx-rich, Group I xenoliths, whereas substantial phlogopite vein-networks are confined to the opx-free sub-group (dunite-wehrlite series). Interstitial, alkali-felsic glass occurs are veins within, and as extensions of, the phlogopite networks. Clinopyroxenes in phlogopite-veined xenoliths are decreased in Mg/(Mg + FeTotal) (mg) and Cr and increased in Ti, AI and Ca, compared with clinopyroxenes in xenoliths which have trace phlogopite. It is proposed that harzburgitic and dunitic mantle has been infiltrated by a Ca-and alkalirich, hydrous silicate melt rather than an ephemeral carbonatite melt. Dunite has been transformed to phlogopite wehrlite by the invasion of a Ca-, AI-, Ti-and K-rich, hydrous silicate melt. Ca-activity was high initially in the melt and was reduced by clinopyroxene precipitation. This resulted in enhanced K-activity which led to phlogopite veining of clinopyroxene-rich mantle. Group II phlogopite clinopyroxenites contain Ti-spinel and salites that are distinct in their Ti, A1 and Cr contents from endiopsides and diopsides in Group I xenoliths. It is unlikely that these Group II xenoliths represent the culmination of the infiltration processes that have transformed dunite to wehrlite, nor can they be related to the host melt. These xenoliths may have crystailised from Ca-and K-bearing, hydrous silicate melts in mantle channelways buffered by previously precipitated clinopyroxene and phlogopite. Gees lherzolites contain pyroxenes and spinel with distinctly lower A1 contents than these same minerals in lherzolites described previously from other West Eifel localities, which may reflect a distinctive lithology and/or processes of modification for the Gees mantle.

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Late Pleistocene Eifel eruptions: insights from clinopyroxene and glass geochemistry of tephra layers from Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive sediment cores

Förster

Zemlitskaya

Otter

et al. 2019

J Quaternary Science

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The Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive (ELSA), which comprises several cores from maar lakes, includes numerous tephra layers spanning the last 140 000 years. The sediment cores are dated by 14C and thermoluminescence as well as tuned to Greenland stadial–interstadial successions. Within the last glacial cycle, the Eifel Volcanic Fields are source to several widespread tephra layers, namely the Laacher See, Eltville, Rambach and Rocourt Tephra. However, a corresponding source volcano was so far only identified for the Laacher See Tephra. In this study we use glass and clinopyroxene geochemistry to link the remaining tephra layers to possible eruption centers within the West and East Eifel Volcanic Fields: while we demonstrate that the Eltville Tephra originated from an earlier eruption of the Laacher See Volcano at 24 300 a bp from within the East Eifel Volcanic Field, the Rambach and Rocourt Tephras are sourced from the West Eifel Volcanic Field and erupted from Wartgesberg at 27 900 a bp and Pulvermaar at 75 000 a bp, respectively. Phases of volcanic activity peaked at 10 000–30 000 and 60 000–80 000 a bp and were thus erupted around the temperature minima of the last glacial cycle. The longest phase of dormancy between individual vents was around 30 000 years long, within the last interglacial.

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Mafic potassic lavas of the Quaternary West Eifel volcanic field

Cited by 106 publications

References 48 publications

Eifel maars: Quantitative shape characterization of juvenile ash particles (Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

Eifel maars: Quantitative shape characterization of juvenile ash particles (Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)

The paragenesis of upper-mantle xenoliths from the Quaternary volcanics south-east of Gees, West Eifel, Germany

Late Pleistocene Eifel eruptions: insights from clinopyroxene and glass geochemistry of tephra layers from Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive sediment cores

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