2016
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1545ci
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Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and at only 18%, it has one of the lowest 5-year survival rates of all malignancies. With its highly complex mutational landscape, treatment strategies against lung cancer have proved largely ineffective. However with the recent success of immunotherapy trials in lung cancer, there is renewed enthusiasm in targeting the immune component of tumors. Macrophages make up the majority of the immune infiltrate in tumors and are a key cell type linking i… Show more

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Cited by 211 publications
(179 citation statements)
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“…Immune cell composition in the tumor microenvironment may contribute to immune evasion and cancer development [36]. Innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells and B cells, have been implicated in both anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities [3743]. Specifically, the anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles of T cells in cancer development are currently of great interest.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Immune cell composition in the tumor microenvironment may contribute to immune evasion and cancer development [36]. Innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells and B cells, have been implicated in both anti-tumor and pro-tumor activities [3743]. Specifically, the anti-tumor and pro-tumor roles of T cells in cancer development are currently of great interest.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Expression of plasma cell markers were also found to be increased in tumour samples compared to normal (FC = 2.87) (Figure 1A). While Tregs and M0 macrophages have been extensively described in lung cancer, 18,19 Tfh cells remains relatively understudied.
10.1080/2162402X.2018.1504728-F0001Figure 1. Relative expression of immune cell subsets in bulk gene expression data . A) CIBERSORT was used to deconvolve cell fractions of 22 immune cell subsets in matched tumour (n = 83) and normal (n = 83) samples, and the tumour to normal ratio of each cell type was calculated per each matched pair and the mean across the cohort calculated.
…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The link between inflammation and cancer development is particularly strong in patients with lung cancer, as the lungs are constantly exposed to environmental insults that may cause chronic inflammatory injuries and infection [10,11]. Currently, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with 5-year survival rates averaging around only 15-18% [11,12]. Despite ongoing efforts to reduce smoking prevalence, cigarette smoking still remains the main cause of 90% of lung cancers [13,14] with ~15% of lifetime smokers developing the disease [14].…”
Section: Editorialmentioning
confidence: 99%