2020
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00111
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Abstract: Cartilage lesions and osteoarthritis (OA) presents an ever-increasing clinical and socioeconomic burden. Synovial inflammation and articular inflammatory environment are the key factor for chondrocytes apoptosis and hypertrophy, ectopic bone formation and OA progression. To effectively treat OA, it is critical to develop a drug that skews inflammation toward a pro-chondrogenic microenvironment. In this narrative and critical review, we aim to see the potential use of immune cells modulation or cell therapy as … Show more

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Cited by 185 publications
(154 citation statements)
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“…Synovial macrophages (Mφ) are the main immune cells in joints (Fernandes et al, 2020 ; Wu C. L. et al, 2020 ). Historically, macrophages have been characterized as classically activated macrophages, or proinflammatory macrophages (M1Mφ), and are activated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), or pathogen-associated molecular patterns.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Synovial macrophages (Mφ) are the main immune cells in joints (Fernandes et al, 2020 ; Wu C. L. et al, 2020 ). Historically, macrophages have been characterized as classically activated macrophages, or proinflammatory macrophages (M1Mφ), and are activated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), or pathogen-associated molecular patterns.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In fact, patients with KOA show a propensity for the M1 classical phenotype within the IFP/synovium complex, resulting in cytokine, interferon, and TNF-alpha secretion (Klein-Wieringa et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2020). Recent evidence suggests that activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (Kuptniratsaikul et al, 2009) pathway also plays a role in M1 macrophage polarization and progression of KOA in animal models (Fernandes et al, 2020). Nevertheless, the existence of resident macrophages within the IFP exhibiting an M1 phenotype independent of the presence of local inflammation confirms their potential participation as initiators of KOA (Wu et al, 2020).…”
Section: Role Of Ifp/synovium Resident Macrophagesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous studies have explored macrophages as potential therapeutic targets, including their pharmacological depletion from synovium and IFP and manipulation of their phenotype [reviewed in Fernandes et al (2020) and Wu et al (2020)]. Initial evidence suggests that polarization of macrophages back to an alternative anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype can be induced.…”
Section: Msc-induced Immunomodulation: Focus On Macrophage Polarizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…MSCs have significant immunomodulatory capacity and can suppress all immune cells involved in the development and progression of OA (Figure 1). MSCs can promote macrophage transition from the IL-1 and TNF-α producing pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the IL-10, IL-RA, and TGF-β producing anti-inflammatory and pro-chondrogenic phenotype (Fernandes et al, 2020). The effect of MSCs on macrophage polarization are mediated via TNFα-stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) (Fernandes et al, 2020).…”
Section: Immunomodulatory Properties/effects Of Mscs In Oamentioning
confidence: 99%