Macromolecular Metal Complexes as Catalysts with Improved Stability

Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Organic Reactions

“…791 PVP can be immobilized on silica, which allows for recycling of catalyst at the expense of reactivity. 792 The addition of styrene 793 or methylenebisacrylamide 794 during Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization of PVP creates a random copolymer with increased activity. Other polymeric catalysts such as polymer-bound 4-amino pyridine, 795 poly[ N -(2-ethoxycarbonylethyl)iminotrimethylene, 796 and polyureas 705 have been used.…”

Preparation of Polymer Supported Phosphine Ligands by Metal Catalyzed Living Radical Copolymerization and Their Application to Hydroformylation Catalysis

“…Since then, many polymer-supported phosphine (PSP) ligands have been reported in the literature. [7,[14][15][16] Many strategies have been used to access PSP ligands, mostly leading to materials with anchored triphenylphosphine. These can be divided into two classes, the first one involving chemical modification of a preexisting phosphine-free polymer and the second one involving the introduction of phosphine-containing monomers during the macromolecular synthesis.…”

Preparation of phosphine-functionalized polystyrene stars by metal catalyzed controlled radical copolymerization and their application to hydroformylation catalysis

“…Many other polymer-supported phosphine ligands have since been reported, mostly containing modified triphenylphosphine. 9,[16][17][18][19][20] The strategies used to obtain polymeric ligands can be divided into 45 two families, the first one involving incorporation of the phosphine function by chemical modification of a pre-existing phosphine-free polymer 16,21,22 and the second one involving the use of a phosphine-containing comonomers during the polymerization. Notably, both linear and cross-linked triphenylphosphine- 50 containing polystyrenes have been obtained by copolymerization of 4-diphenylphosphinostyrene (or styryldiphenylphosphine, SDPP) and regular styrene (S) by anionic or free radical methods, possibly in the presence of p-divinylbenzene or 1,4-bis(4vinylphenoxy)-butane as a cross-linking comonomer.…”