Machinery-induced soil compaction in thinning two pine stands in central Italy

Picchio, Rodolfo; Neri, Francesco; Petrini, Enrico; Verani, S.; Marchi, Enrico; Certini, Giacomo

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.008

Cited by 91 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Forest soil is extremely fragile in physical terms and the improvement of methods for investigating the effects of soil disturbance is very important (Picchio et al 2012). With the use of image-based models derived from SfM photogrammetry, the quantification of soil displacement is highly improved in comparison to traditional sampling methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical parameters of soil are usually determined by means of soil sample collection and analysis, or measured using specific instruments, such as penetrometers and scissometers (Picchio et al 2012, Venanzi et al 2016, or by means of manual measurements of cross-sectional and longitudinal profiles on skid trails (Koren et al 2015). Although these methods have been improved over time (Jourgholami et al 2014), they are time consuming and costly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating machine impact on strip roads via close-range photogrammetry and soil parameters: a case study in central Italy

Cambi¹,

Giannetti²,

Bottalico³

et al. 2018

iForest

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Several studies have been carried out to investigate soil compaction and rutting after logging vehicle traffic, based on time consuming and punctual field measurements. The objective of this study was to measure soil disturbances with two methods: (i) a new, image-based models derived by a structure-frommotion (SfM) photogrammetry approach; and (ii) a traditional soil sampling (bulk density and shear strength). Two trails were selected in a logging area (central Italy), one trafficked by a forwarder (FT) and one trafficked by a skidder (ST). Data collection was conducted before, during and after timber extraction. Image-based models derived by SfM photogrammetry was used to highlight the differences in the shape and distribution of the disturbances along ST and FT. Results showed that the physical parameters of soil significantly changed due to both FT and ST traffic. Machine passes increased bulk density (111% and 31% for FT and ST, respectively), penetration resistance (29% and 24% for FT and ST, respectively) and shear resistance (14% and 6% for FT and ST, respectively), whereas porosity decreased (46% and 9% for FT and ST, respectively). Significant differences between FT and ST were found when comparing ruts removal and bulges with SfM photogrammetry. After logging, FT clearly showed ruts and bulges, whereas in ST ruts and bulges were not visible, but soil displacement in the direction of extraction was evident and measurable. Nevertheless, although our result shows a larger soil disturbance caused by forwarders than skidders, it is not possible to draw any general conclusions about differences between the two machines. Data about the machine passes, or the wood volumes transported over each trial area were not available; therefore, any general conclusion is misleading. SfM photogrammetry give information not available via traditional methods, thus improving impact assessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating machine impact on strip roads via close-range photogrammetry and soil parameters: a case study in central Italy

Cambi¹,

Giannetti²,

Bottalico³

et al. 2018

iForest

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“…The negative impact of heavy logging equipment on the physical properties of soil is well known (Huang et al 1996, Ballard 2000, McNabb et al 2001, Teepe et al 2004, Shestak & Busse 2005, Schack-Kirchner et al 2007, Picchio et al 2012, Marchi et al 2014. The subject was recently reviewed in Ampoorter et al (2012) and Cambi et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wheeled and tracked tractors on soil physical properties in a mixed conifer stand

Cambi¹,

Certini²,

Fabiano³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Damage to forest soil caused by vehicle traffic mainly consists of soil compaction, displacement, and rut formation. Severity of the damage depends on vehicle mass, weight of the carried loads, ground morphology, and soil properties, such as moisture. This paper investigates the impacts of two types of vehicles (tracked or wheeled tractor), traffic intensities (one or five skidding cycles) and soil moisture (24% or 13% by weight) on compaction of a loam textured soil in a mixed conifer stand of central Italy. Changes in porosity, bulk density, shear and penetration resistances were analyzed. The latter three parameters were significantly higher in the trafficked soil portions than in the undisturbed ones in all treatments, while the opposite was true for porosity. The impact on soil bulk density and porosity was stronger for the wheeled tractor working on moist soil, while no significant effect of soil moisture was recorded for the tracked tractor. Shear and penetration resistances increased as a consequence of traffic, depending on both tractor type and soil moisture. The largest impact on shear resistance was recorded for the wheeled tractor on moist soil, while significant differences in penetration resistance were observed only between tracked and wheeled tractors in dry soil conditions. In order to preserve soil quality during logging activities, we recommend to operate under dry soil conditions and to limit vehicle movement on existing or new planned trails.

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“…In this case there is a need of optimization of interactions between soil, plant and machine, and focusing on such solutions which would allow to obtain high yields which satisfy the economic conditions of nursery production . The issue of the influence of soil density on the forest environment is still tested due to the complexity of the problem and the numerous factors and interactions related to forest production, including ecological and economic aspects (Ampoorter et al, 2007;Blouin et al, 2008;Picchio et al, 2012;Tan et al, 2006). Also, research is conducted in the range of the influence of soil density on forest trees species seedlings cultivated in forest nurseries (Blouin et al, 2008;Cubera et al, 2009;Onweremadu et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil bulk density on forest tree seedlings

Kormanek¹,

Banach²,

Sowa³

2015

International Agrophysics

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The paper presents the results of an analysis of the influence of soil bulk density in a forest nursery plot on the growth and quality parameters of Scots pine and European beech seedlings. Particular density variants were obtained using a tractor device exerting controlled pressure on the soil, while field examinations were performed on an area of ‘Kłaj’ forest nursery in Niepołomice Forest District. Three series of plots were prepared for each species, applying a unit pressure of the values of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kPa, corresponding to the dry bulk density in the range of 1.03-1.19 g cm-3, and control plots without the pressure. Seeds of the examined species were sown on the prepared plots, and after 6 months of growth the seedlings were subjected to biometric analysis determining differentiation in root neck diameter, length of the above-ground part and root system, as well as dry mass of particular parts of the plant. The quality of the seedlings was also determined using the method of Schmidt-Vogt. The results obtained show that the change in dry bulk density soil significantly affected most of the growth parameters of the examined seedlings. Especially high negative correlations were obtained for the length and dry mass of the root system. A significant influence of dry bulk density variant on all growth parameters of Scots pine seedlings, and on some parameters of European beech was demonstrated. An increase in soil bulk density clearly caused also a deterioration of European beech seedlings quality

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Machinery-induced soil compaction in thinning two pine stands in central Italy

Cited by 91 publications

References 53 publications

Estimating machine impact on strip roads via close-range photogrammetry and soil parameters: a case study in central Italy

Estimating machine impact on strip roads via close-range photogrammetry and soil parameters: a case study in central Italy

Impact of wheeled and tracked tractors on soil physical properties in a mixed conifer stand

Effect of soil bulk density on forest tree seedlings

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