Maceration mediated liquid–liquid extraction of conjugated phenolics from spent black tea leaves extraction of non-extractable phenolics

Abstract

This paper puts forward the application of non-ionic surfactant based maceration to mediate the liberation of conjugated phenolics from of spent black tea leaves (SBTL).

Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of Polyphenols Extraction from Apple Pomace Based on Nonionic Emulsifiers

“…The use of surfactant aqueous solutions as solvents is one of the directions in the extraction process intensification of biologically active components taken from plant materials. Previous work confirmed its effective use for extraction of phytocomponents of differing chemical natures, in particular polysaccharides [27], lectins [34], alkaloids [35], anthraquinones [36], isoflavones [37], hydroxycinnamic acids [38], and the sum of phenolic compounds and antioxidants [24,26,28,39].…”

“…Before the optimization of extraction parameters using response surface methodology the appropriate surfactant for extraction of phenolic compounds was determined. Based on previously published data [26,28,29] four non-ionic surfactants (Triton X-100, Span 20, Tween 20, and Tween 80) in 1% concentration was more effective for the extraction of polyphenols and least hazardous for humans and the environment. For the control, distilled water and 70% ethanol we used is the most commonly used solvent for phenolic compound extraction.…”

“…The use of Tween 80 for the extraction of antioxidant polyphenols was previously proposed for rattan tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) [39]. However, the Brij-58 [24] and Brij-35 [29] solutions were the most effective in the extraction of phenolic compounds from fruits, and the Triton X-100 solution was the most effective for the extraction of conjugated phenolic compounds from black tea [26]. Thus, by choosing a surfactant effective for micellar-mediated extraction, it is necessary to take into account the matrix of the plant raw materials used and the qualitative composition of the extracted phenolic compounds.…”

“…Among the possible alternatives surfactants, especially neutral (nonionic or anionic/cationic systems), are of great interest due to their chemical and physical properties. In several studies, it has been reported that using surfactant leads to increased efficiency of extraction of different biological active compounds, including polyphenols, from plant-based raw materials [24][25][26][27].…”

Pilot-scale extraction of polyphenols from spent black tea by semi-continuous subcritical solvent extraction

“…These remaining polyphenols exist as non-extractable polyphenols (NEPPs), which may complex with protein and cell wall polysaccharides ( Durazzo, 2018 ). In particular, the ready-to-drink (RTD) tea industry disposes of huge amounts of SBT, estimated to be more than 0.12 million tons annually all over the world ( Mukhtar, Mushtaq, Akram, & Adnan, 2018 ). RTD iced tea is ready prepared tea generally consumed cold and available as a powder format or as RTD tea bottles.…”