Lymph Node Fluorescence During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy With Indocyanine Green: Prospective Dosing Analysis

A practical guide for the use of indocyanine green and methylene blue in fluorescence‐guided abdominal surgery

“…(Extended) lymph node dissection is sometimes performed during radical prostatectomy, depending on the preoperative risk assessment . Ten studies evaluated the use of ICG during prostatectomy, which showed a high detection rate of SLNs, however due to the low prevalence of SLN metastases a low positive predictive value was found . This supports the findings that NIR fluorescence imaging could be useful in high risk groups.…”

Sentinel node biopsy for prostate cancer: report from a consensus panel meeting

“…In terms of limitations, the majority of panel members had personal experience with SN detection, which may have introduced a bias. We anticipated that the panel composition would be helpful to assess criteria for future study design but acknowledge recent studies that found the SNB method not applicable for routine use . Another potential limitation is the relatively high attrition rate in the Delphi survey (30.2%).…”

“…When applied without a complementary extended nodal dissection high false‐negative rates were reported. Moreover, limiting nodal dissection to SNB may result in inadequate nodal metastases removal because, in many cases, metastases are present in non‐SNs next to positive SNs .…”

Hyaluronic acid formulation of near infrared fluorophores optimizes surgical imaging in a prostate tumor xenograft

“…Fluorescence-enhanced RARP using ICG injection directly into the prostate of patients has been performed for sentinel lymph node mapping [14–16]. Further, direct injection of multimodal ICG- 99m Tc-NanoColl into the prostate was used for sentinel lymph node mapping [17].…”