Lung function abnormalities after acute bronchiolitis

Stokes, G M; Milner, Anthony; Hodges, I G; Groggins, R C

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80577-x

Cited by 90 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Children who were tested years after having croup have demonstrated increased bronchial reactivity (221). Similarly, children with LRI caused by RSV have been shown to have chronic pulmonary abnormalities including decreased gas exchange (128,187), restrictive lung disease (144,341), obstructive lung disease, and hyperreactivity (128,144,187,357). Even adults have been reported with long-term lung disease following HPIV LRI (124,277).…”

Section: Clinical Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parainfluenza Viruses

2003

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Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) were first discovered in the late 1950s. Over the last decade, considerable knowledge about their molecular structure and function has been accumulated. This has led to significant changes in both the nomenclature and taxonomic relationships of these viruses. HPIV is genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4. Further major subtypes of HPIV-4 (A and B) and subgroups/genotypes of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 have been described. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of lower respiratory infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. Each subtype can cause somewhat unique clinical diseases in different hosts. HPIV are enveloped and of medium size (150 to 250 nm), and their RNA genome is in the negative sense. These viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, one of the largest and most rapidly growing groups of viruses causing significant human and veterinary disease. HPIV are closely related to recently discovered megamyxoviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) and metapneumovirus

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Section: Clinical Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parainfluenza Viruses

2003

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“…A preliminary report on a small cohort of infants admitted to hospital with severe bronchiolitis showed marked disturbances in pulmonary function in the first year after the acute illness. 8 Lung function tests were performed at convalescence (before discharge from hospital), at a mean time of 3-5 months after admission (range 2.3-5.4), and 12 6 months after admission (range 11-0-15-2). The number of studies performed at each period was 53, 83, and 75 respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lung function after acute bronchiolitis.

Henry¹,

Milner²,

Stokes³

et al. 1983

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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SUMMARY We performed 211 lung function measurements on 93 children in the first year after they had been admitted with acute bronchiolitis. During the convalescent phase of the illness, 77 % of the infants were hyperinflated with a thoracic gas volume greater than 40 ml/kg and 3 months later 43 % were hyperinflated. Twelve months after the initial illness, 17 % still had lung function abnormalities and most of these children have had lower respiratory tract symptoms. For the group as a whole about 60 % have had at least one episode of wheezing. Specific conductances were significantly lower in children from atopic families, indicating worse lung function, but the significance of this finding is unclear.The medical consequences of bronchiolitis extend beyond the acute viral illness. It is well known that bronchiolitis is associated with wheezing in subsequent months, although the exact relationship between bronchiolitis and asthma remains unclear. '-4 Evidence is also accumulating that it sows the seeds for chronic obstructive lung disease in adult life.4 6 Furthermore asymptomatic children may have abnormalities in lung function many years after a single attack,7 leaving the possibility that clinical illness will develop subsequently.In view of the potential long-term effects of bronchiolitis, it is important to obtain prospective information on symptoms and lung function after the initial episode. A preliminary report on a small cohort of infants admitted to hospital with severe bronchiolitis showed marked disturbances in pulmonary function in the first year after the acute illness.8 These findings conflict with those of Phelan et al.9 who reported normal lung function within 3 months of an attack. One explanation for this dichotomy is that the children in our initial study were a selected group who were particularly ill and in whom data in the acute phase had indicated gross lung function abnormalities.10 The Australian infants were chosen on the basis that their disease was mild or moderate.9In this report we have set out to study lung function in a less selected group in an attempt to elucidate prognostic features, including history of atopy and severity of illness, and to delineate the frequency of physiological sequelae. Our aim was also to collect data on a larger cohort which would form the basis for a long-term prospective study. Patients and methodsThe 93 children studied in this project were admitted to hospital during an epidemic of infection due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV Lung function tests were performed at convalescence (before discharge from hospital), at a mean time of 3-5 months after admission (range 2.3-5.4), and 12 6 months after admission (range 11-0-15-2). The number of studies performed at each period was 53, 83, and 75 respectively. Forty of the 93 children had lung function tests on all three occasions.

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“…One study followed a group of infants who had acute severe bronchiolitis, and found that 50% of them developed dry skin or eczema within 12 months post-recovery from the bronchiolitis. [22]. Another study found that babies suffering from atopic dermatitis in their first 2 years of life had an increased risk of not only asthma, but other respiratory system-related diseases, as assessed by the incidence of acute otitis media (a middle ear infection), pneumonia and the use of antibiotics [23].…”

Section: Co-occurrence Of Skin and Lung Issues In Certain Genotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 1% -2% patients with lung cancer may develop skin metastases [13] Elderly women with certain matrix metalloproteinase promotor variants demonstrated a higher susceptibility to skin wrinkling and lung dysfunctions [19] About 50% infants who had acute severe bronchiolitis developed dry skin or eczema within 12 months thereafter [22] H. Y. C. The human body is comprised of multiple-organ systems. The organ axes, as discussed here, are likely to play a role, at least in part, in determining the function of the respective organs under normal and pathological conditions.…”

Section: Gut-lung Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Organ Relationships among Gut, Lung and Skin beyond the Pathogenesis of Allergies: Relevance to the Zang-Fu Theory in Chinese Medicine

Leung¹,

Leong²,

Chen³

et al. 2017

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Research on allergy has recently uncovered an apparent co-occurrence of allergies in skin and the lungs, a phenomenon that has been coined "atopic march". A positive correlation has been found between gut microbiota at birth and the development of asthma and skin eczema later in life. Chinese medicine has long described a functional relationship between the large intestine and the lungs, and between the lungs and skin. In this short article, we examined the evidence in support of these inter-organ physiological/pathological relationships. In addition to the clinical observation of the relationship between the composition of gut microbiota at birth and the development of asthma later in childhood, gut microorganisms have also been shown to exert a protective effect on bacteria-induced pneumonia in experimental animals. Genetic predisposition was also found to play an important role in the coexistence of certain diseases of lung and skin. Despite the fact that the mechanism(s) underlying the connection of immune systems between two organs (such as the large intestine and the lungs) is still not clearly understood, it is the first time to correlate the relationship among gut, lung and skin based on recent clinical studies in relation to the Zang-Fu Theory in Chinese medicine. Future investigation of the gut-lung and lung-skin axes in terms of physiological/pathological relationships may help to provide a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of allergies, possibly establishing relevance to the Zang-Fu Theory in Chinese medicine.

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Lung function abnormalities after acute bronchiolitis

Cited by 90 publications

References 13 publications

Parainfluenza Viruses

Parainfluenza Viruses

Lung function after acute bronchiolitis.

Inter-Organ Relationships among Gut, Lung and Skin beyond the Pathogenesis of Allergies: Relevance to the Zang-Fu Theory in Chinese Medicine

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