Luminescent Ruthenium Complexes for Theranostic Applications

Abstract

The water-soluble and visible luminescent complexes cis-[Ru(L-L)2(L)2](2+) where L-L = 2,2-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline and L= imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, and histamine have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic (circular dichroism, saturation transfer difference NMR, and diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR) and isothermal titration calorimetry studies indicate binding of cis-[Ru(phen)2(ImH)2](2+) and human serum albumin occurs via noncovalent interactions with K(b) = 9.8 × 10(4) mol(-1) L, ΔH = -11.5 ± 0.1 kcal mol(-1), and TΔS = -4.46 ± 0.3 kcal mol(-1). High uptake of the complex into HCT116 cells was detected by luminescent confocal microscopy. Cytotoxicity of cis-[Ru(phen)2(ImH)2](2+) against proliferation of HCT116p53(+/+) and HCT116p53(-/-) shows IC50 values of 0.1 and 0.7 μmol L(-1). Flow cytometry and western blot indicate RuphenImH mediates cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in both cells and is more prominent in p53(+/+). The complex activates proapoptotic PARP in p53(-/-), but not in p53(+/+). A cytostatic mechanism based on quantification of the number of cells during the time period of incubation is suggested.

The development of anticancer ruthenium(ii) complexes: from single molecule compounds to nanomaterials

“…206 This complex was taken up in high amounts by HCT116 cells. In addition, it was cytotoxic in HCT116/p53 +/+ and HCT116/p53 −/− , with IC 50 values of 0.1 and 0.7 μM, respectively.…”

Photochemical Properties of trans‐[Ru(NH3)4(bpa)(L)]2+ (L = py, isn, 4‐acpy or 4‐pic)

“…Many reactions can be initiated by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, the most relevant being related to photochemical processes that capture radiant energy from the sun, the so‐called "antenna effect" . This effect has attracted attention, not only due to the immense potential in energy conversion processes but also due to applications in biological systems . In an energy photoconversion process, an electronically excited molecule adsorbed on a semiconductor injects electrons into its conduction band, allowing the photochemical or photocatalytic process to occur .…”

A importância do estado excitado 3MLCT de compostos de Ru(II), Re(I) e Ir(III) no desenvolvimento de fotossensores, OLEDS e fotorredução de CO2

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Compostos de coordenação apresentam grande potencial para aplicações em sistemas fotoquímicos [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] devido à possibilidade de incorporar diferentes ligantes a centros metálicos para formar subunidades com funcionalidades específicas que podem estar relacionadas às suas transições eletrônicas. 27 Em complexos octaédricos podem ocorrer transições eletrônicas centradas no metal (MC, Metal Centered); Intraligante (IL, IntraLigand); transições de transferência de carga do ligante para o metal (LMCT, Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer); e transições de transferência de carga do metal para o ligante (MLCT, Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer), Figura 1. O processo fotoquímico, que se inicia com a absorção de luz por uma espécie química e resulta na transição de um elétron do estado fundamental para um estado excitado, pode ter seu mecanismo representado por um diagrama de Jablonski, Figura 2.…”