&lt;title&gt;THz imaging of histo-pathological samples&lt;/title&gt;

Knobloch, P.; Schmalstieg, K.; Koch, Martin; Rehberg, E.; Vauti, Franz; Donhuijsen, K

doi:10.1117/12.446686

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Knobloch et al imaged formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples in transmission geometry, and contrast between the soft tissue and the cartilage of a pig larynx was seen at particular frequency windows. 23 Similarly, they observed contrast between the healthy and diseased areas in an image of a histopathological human liver sample with metastasis. However, it would be useful to know if there would have been more THz contrast if the samples had been measured fresh, or conversely if the fixing process had enhanced the THz contrast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of formalin fixing on the terahertz properties of biological tissues

2009

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We demonstrate how the terahertz properties of porcine adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are affected by formalin fixing. Terahertz radiation is sensitive to covalently cross-linked proteins and can be used to probe unique spectroscopic signatures. We study in detail the changes arising from different fixation times and see that formalin fixing reduces the refractive index and the absorption coefficient of the samples in the terahertz regime. These fundamental properties affect the time-domain terahertz response of the samples and determine the level of image contrast that can be achieved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of formalin fixing on the terahertz properties of biological tissues

2009

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“…For example, note the lower attenuation coefficient for adipose tissue in comparison with striated muscle. Much previous work on demonstrating tissue contrast in terahertz imaging has involved samples that have undergone histopathological preparation and as a result are dehydrated compared with living tissue [7,8]. The soft tissue samples here will have properties closer to those of living tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fitzgerald

Berry

Zinov’ev

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Physics

162

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract. Recently published studies suggest that terahertz pulsed imaging will have applications in medicine and biology, but there is currently very little information about the optical properties of human tissue at terahertz frequencies. Such information would be useful for predicting the feasibility of proposed applications, optimising acquisition protocols, providing information about variability of healthy tissue and supplying data for studies of the interaction mechanisms. Research ethics committee approval was obtained, and measurements made from samples of freshly excised human tissue, using a broadband terahertz pulsed imaging system comprising frequencies approximately 0.5 to 2.5 THz. Refractive index and linear absorption coefficient were found. Reproducibility was determined using blood from one volunteer, which was drawn and measured on consecutive days. Skin, adipose tissue, striated muscle, vein and nerve were measured (to date, from one individual). Water had a higher refractive index (2.04 ± 0.07) than any tissue. The linear absorption coefficient was higher for muscle than adipose tissue, as expected from the higher hydration of muscle. As these samples came from a single subject, there is currently insufficient statistical power to draw firm conclusions, but results suggest that in vivo clinical imaging will be feasible in certain applications.

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“…More recent terahertz frequency work uses coherent detection, and the early reports are in the form of case studies or demonstrations with only one or two samples. Images of human tissue, prepared using standard histopathology techniques, without estimates of the optical properties, have been published by Knobloch et al 21,22 . Cole et al 3 have demonstrated reflection imaging in vivo of the stratum corneum epidermis boundary in the skin of the forearm and hand.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of tissue measured using terahertz-pulsed imaging

et al. 2003

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The first demonstrations of terahertz imaging in biomedicine were made several years ago, but few data are available on the optical properties of human tissue at terahertz frequencies. A catalogue of these properties has been established to estimate variability and determine the practicality of proposed medical applications in terms of penetration depth, image contrast and reflection at boundaries. A pulsed terahertz imaging system with a useful bandwidth 0.5-2.5 THz was used. Local ethical committee approval was obtained. Transmission measurements were made through tissue slices of thickness 0.08 to 1 mm, including tooth enamel and dentine, cortical bone, skin, adipose tissue and striated muscle. The mean and standard deviation for refractive index and linear attenuation coefficient, both broadband and as a function of frequency, were calculated. The measurements were used in simple models of the transmission, reflection and propagation of terahertz radiation in potential medical applications. Refractive indices ranged from 1.5 ± 0.5 for adipose tissue to 3.06 ± 0.09 for tooth enamel. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the broadband refractive indices of a number of tissues. Terahertz radiation is strongly absorbed in tissue so reflection imaging, which has lower penetration requirements than transmission, shows promise for dental or dermatological applications.

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<title>THz imaging of histo-pathological samples</title>

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of formalin fixing on the terahertz properties of biological tissues

Effects of formalin fixing on the terahertz properties of biological tissues

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Optical properties of tissue measured using terahertz-pulsed imaging

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