&lt;p&gt;Predictors of Non-Adherence to Public Health Instructions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo&lt;/p&gt;

Nzaji, Michel Kabamba; Mwamba, Guillaume Ngoie; Miema, Judith Mbidi; Umba, Elie Kilolo Ngoy; Kangulu, Ignace Bwana; Ndala, Deca Blood Banza; Mukendi, Paul Ciamala; Mutombo, Denis Kabila; Kabasu, Marie Claire Balela; Katala, Moise Kanyki; Mbala, John Kabunda; Numbi, Oscar Luboya

doi:10.2147/jmdh.s274944

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Preliminary UK data also suggest that younger people are less adherent [ 16 ], which is consistent with the present findings. Globally, the evidence suggests that age and socioeconomic status may be more closely associated with adherence than in the UK [ 8 , 9 ], meaning there may be cultural differences in patterns of adherence that would need to accounted for in public health interventions. We also found further evidence for the predictive validity of the capabilities, opportunities and motivations model of behaviour change [ 6 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding which groups to target with interventions will be important in developing strategies to ensure sustained adherence to government instructions. Evidence from the United States suggests that older people may be more likely to distance physically [ 8 ]; in the Democratic Republic of the Congo non-adherence was associated with being unemployed and being a woman [ 9 ], whereas women were more likely to adhere in Hong Kong [ 10 ], meaning there may be cultural differences in patterns of adherence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying targets for interventions to support public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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Background SARS-CoV-2 lacks sentience and can only be spread through human behaviour. Government instructions to the general public include: (a) limiting time spent outside the home, (b) staying more than 1 m away from people outside the household at all times, and (c) maintaining hand hygiene. Current evidence suggests high rates of adherence to such instructions, but interventions to sustain adherence to government instructions in the long term can only be developed if we know why people do or do not adhere to them. The aims were to assess levels of public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but more importantly to gauge why people were or were not adhering to instructions. Methods Cross-sectional survey of 2252 adults who were representative of the UK population. Data were analysed descriptively, and using one-sample t-tests, within-participants ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results The sample reported mostly adhering to UK government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with 5% or fewer people reporting active resistance to instructions. People generally reported high levels of capability, opportunity and motivation to follow the instructions, but perceived relatively few physical and social opportunities. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that better adherence was associated with older age, being a woman, having a white ethnic background, and with perceiving greater levels of capabilities, opportunities and motivations. Conclusions Interventions targeted at people with black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds, men and younger people that focus on increasing capabilities, providing greater opportunities and boosting motivations are needed to support continued adherence to government instructions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Further research is required to track changes in people’s capabilities, opportunities, motivations and behaviours in response to the ongoing emergency, any changes in government instructions, and to adapt the present procedures to other emergency situations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying targets for interventions to support public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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“… 31 Another study conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo also supports our finding. 32 These outcomes call for further attention on improvements of reinforcing preventive measures, and effective engagement of the community for better implementation of public health measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Barriers to Effective Implementation of Public Health Measures for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Pandemic in Gamo Zone of Southern Ethiopia: Using a Modified Tanahashi Model

Boti¹,

Hussen²,

Shibiru³

et al. 2021

RMHP

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Background Since the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, different public health measures have been implemented to prevent and control the further spread of the disease. However, barriers that influence the effective implementation of public health measures were not explore in Ethiopia especially in study Area. Therefore, this study tried to fill this gap by exploring the barriers to effective implementation of public health measures for prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Gamo Zone of southern Ethiopia. Methods The study employed a qualitative study with a phenomenology approach among purposely selected 30 individuals in the community and selected institutions. Key informant interview was used to collect the data. The data were transcribed verbatim and translated into the English language. The transcribed data were read several times to clearly understand the content for further analysis. The analysis of the data was conducted based on the modified Tanahashi framework. Results The study identified different barriers under five main themes: accessibility, acceptability, availability, contact and use, and effective implementation of public health measures related to barriers. The main barriers to effective implementation of public health measures were resistance to change, negligence, lack of community engagement, insufficient training for front line workers, poor supportive supervision, poor law enforcement, and lack of continuous community awareness creation. Beside, acceptability related barriers like cultural and religious norms and availability related barriers like shortage of personal protective equipment and shortage of skilled health professional have also lion share barriers for implementation of the public health measures. Conclusion The study identified different personal, institutional, and societal level barriers for effective implementation of public health measures for the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, proper and targeted continuous community awareness creation with further mandatory law enforcement activities should be implemented by the concerned bodies to mitigate individual and societal level barriers. In addition, the government with relevant stakeholders should give due attention to equip and protect the frontline professionals by availing the necessary logistic and provision of continuous capacity-building activities.

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“…For the majority of individuals who do their utmost to avoid exposure to the virus during the current COVID-19 pandemic ( Makhanova and Shepherd, 2020 ; Nzaji et al, 2020 ), it has been individually undesirable to stay socially isolated at home (cf. Dezecache et al, 2020 ; Hwang et al, 2020 ), advantageous for survival, but at the same time disadvantageous for short-term mate search because it decreased their nocturnal activities (e.g., bars, discos, and nightclubs) (cf.…”

Section: Evolutionary Mismatches During the Covid-19 Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many fields of psychology and social sciences have been mobilized to help create and promote health safety measures in order to slow the contagion rate of SARS-CoV-2 ( Smith and Gibson, 2020 ; Van Bavel et al, 2020 ). About a third of individuals are non-adherent to preventive measures (e.g., Nzaji et al, 2020 ). Because there are some individuals and contexts that are more likely to generate superspreading events, and the available evidence shows that a ∼10% minority of superspreaders account for a large majority of the infections ( Chang et al, 2020 ), even a small proportion of non-compliers can be very influential in worsening the transmission rate and throwing more gasoline into the pandemic fire ( Wong and Collins, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pandemic on Fire: Evolved Propensities for Nocturnal Activities as a Liability Against Epidemiological Control

et al. 2021

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Humans have been using fire for hundreds of millennia, creating an ancestral expansion toward the nocturnal niche. The new adaptive challenges faced at night were recurrent enough to amplify existing psychological variation in our species. Night-time is dangerous and mysterious, so it selects for individuals with higher tendencies for paranoia, risk-taking, and sociability (because of security in numbers). During night-time, individuals are generally tired and show decreased self-control and increased impulsive behaviors. The lower visibility during night-time favors the partial concealment of identity and opens more opportunities for disinhibition of self-interested behaviors. Indeed, individuals with an evening-oriented chronotype are more paranoid, risk-taking, extraverted, impulsive, promiscuous, and have higher antisocial personality traits. However, under some circumstances, such as respiratory pandemics, the psychobehavioral traits favored by the nocturnal niche might be counter-productive, increasing contagion rates of a disease that can evade the behavioral immune system because its disease cues are often nonexistent or mild. The eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis presented here suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the evening-oriented psychobehavioral profile can have collectively harmful consequences: there is a clash of core tendencies between the nocturnal chronotype and the recent viral transmission-mitigating safety guidelines and rules. The pandemic safety protocols disrupt much normal social activity, particularly at night when making new social contacts is desired. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is contagious even in presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, which enables it to mostly evade our evolved contagious disease avoidance mechanisms. A growing body of research has indirectly shown that individual traits interfering with social distancing and anti-contagion measures are related to those of the nocturnal chronotype. Indeed, some of the social contexts that have been identified as superspreading events occur at night, such as in restaurants, bars, and nightclubs. Furthermore, nocturnal environmental conditions favor the survival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus much longer than daytime conditions. We compare the eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis with other factors related to non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, namely sex, age, and life history. Although there is not yet a direct link between the nocturnal chronotype and non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, security measures and future empirical research should take this crucial evolutionary mismatch and adaptive metaproblem into account, and focus on how to avoid nocturnal individuals becoming superspreaders, offering secure alternatives for nocturnal social activities.

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<p>Predictors of Non-Adherence to Public Health Instructions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</p>

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Identifying targets for interventions to support public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Identifying targets for interventions to support public adherence to government instructions to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Exploring Barriers to Effective Implementation of Public Health Measures for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Pandemic in Gamo Zone of Southern Ethiopia: Using a Modified Tanahashi Model

COVID-19 Pandemic on Fire: Evolved Propensities for Nocturnal Activities as a Liability Against Epidemiological Control

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