<p>Metabolomics: a promising diagnostic and therapeutic implement for breast cancer</p>

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer death. Despite the advent of numerous diagnosis and treatment methods in recent years, this heterogeneous disease still presents great challenges in early diagnosis, curative treatments and prognosis monitoring. Thus, finding promising early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets and approaches is meaningful. Metabolomics, which focuses on the analysis of metabolites that change during metabolism, can reveal even a subtle abnormal change in an individual. In recent decades, the exploration of cancer-related metabolomics has increased. Metabolites can be promising biomarkers for the screening, response evaluation and prognosis of BC. In this review, we summarized the workflow of metabolomics, described metabolite signatures based on molecular subtype as well as reclassification and then discussed the application of metabolomics in the early diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of BC to offer new insights for clinicians in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Association between Metabolites and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…Amino acids have been reported to be associated with other types of cancer in earlier reviews [ 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. The amino acids identified in our meta-analyses (methionine, tryptophan and proline) were identified in previous reviews, although the direction of association is different for proline (i.e., positive association in our meta-analysis on lung cancer but inverse association for other cancer types) [ 88 , 90 , 91 ].…”

“…Amino acids have been reported to be associated with other types of cancer in earlier reviews [ 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. The amino acids identified in our meta-analyses (methionine, tryptophan and proline) were identified in previous reviews, although the direction of association is different for proline (i.e., positive association in our meta-analysis on lung cancer but inverse association for other cancer types) [ 88 , 90 , 91 ]. A possible explanation for the discrepancy is that different cancer types have dissimilar metabolism, therefore the association between the patient’s host protein metabolism and amino acid levels with cancer risk may differ between cancer types [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ].…”

Breast cancer diagnosis based on lipid profiling by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

“…Previous studies have been directed towards characterization of tissues, including intensive research for new genetic or metabolic markers. Using metabolomics, markers in tissues and body fluids can be identified.…”

“…Previous studies have been directed towards characterization of tissues, including intensive research for new genetic or metabolic markers. Using metabolomics, markers in tissues and body fluids can be identified. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis is good at identifying breast cancer‐specific molecules, but it is a time‐consuming procedure, starting from preparation of the column to purifying specific components from tissue extracts.…”

Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Provides Unique Insights to Pathways Associated With Obese Breast Cancer Patients

“…Currently, the most widely techniques that are used to differentiation in the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles are RNA-seq, LC-MS/MS, respectively (48,49). Over the last few years, several transcriptomic and metabolomic studies identified the variation in transcripts and metabolites profiles related with diseases such as obesity and BC compared with non-obese and healthy control cases, respectively, to understand the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression as well as to biomarker identification to deduce the onset and progression of cancer (16,20,21,(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55). Furthermore, other studies have performed the integration between transcriptomic and metabolomic data (14,(56)(57)(58).…”