&lt;p&gt;Magnitude of &lt;em&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; Among Under-Five Children with Symptom of Acute Respiratory Infection at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia: Associated Risk Factors and Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns&lt;/p&gt;

Bayu, Dejene; Mekonnen, Abiyu; Mohammed, Jemal; Bodena, Dagne

doi:10.2147/rmhp.s283860

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A study conducted at Harar Hiwot Fana Specialized Hospital revealed that S. pneumoniae showed resistance to Chloramphenicol (14%), Tetracycline (42%), Ceftriaxone (2.3%) and Cotrimoxazole (46.5%), which are higher than those from our study. Amoxicillin-Clavulanate showed similar resistance pattern from our study, 14 which might result from a variation in study period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“… 38 The isolated S. pneumoniae bacteriain our study showed similar 10% antibiotic drug resistance to Erythromycin to that found in a study conducted in Harar and Gondar, Ethiopia. 14 , 38 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 Similarly, in the Mizan Tepi University teaching hospital prevalence was 25.3% and in Harar, in the eastern part of the country, it was 11.2%. 14 , 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 17 In a correctional study conducted in Harar among under-five children from March 1 to 30, 2020, S. pneumoniae bacteria showed high antibiotic resistance to Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole 21 (48.8%), but in contrast the bacteria showed a 95.4% susceptible rate for Ceftriaxone and a 93% susceptible rate for Amoxicillin-clavulanate. 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Similarly, in the Mizan Tepi University teaching hospital prevalence was 25.3% and in Harar, in the eastern part of the country, it was 11.2%. 14,15 WHO reported that S. pneumoniae bacteria is being increasing antibiotic drug resistant across the world. 16 In a prospective study conducted in Amhara region and Addis Ababa city national referral hospitals, S. pneumoniae showed antimicrobial drug resistance for Erythromycin (59.6%), Clindamycin (17.5%), Tetracycline (38.6%), Chloramphenicol (17.5%) and Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (24.6%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Associated Risk Factors of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Bacteria Infection Among Under-Five Children With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral Hospital, Jig-Jiga, Ethiopia

Mekuria¹,

Tolossa²,

Abebe³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Background Pneumonia is inflammation of the lung. The Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. pneumoniae ) is commensal in the upper airway and can cause infection to under-five children. The bacteria is gram-positive diplococci, catalase negative, and optochin sensitive. The bacteria is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia among under-five children. No similar data is reported from the current study area. Objective To determine prevalence, antimicrobial drug resistance and associated factors of S. pneumoniae infection among under-five children with acute lower respiratory tract infection attending Sheck Hassan Yebere Referral Hospital from March 1 to April 30, 2021 Jig-Jiga, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 374 study participants selected by convenience sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect child data. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected and diagnosed to isolate S. pneumoniae by using culture then identified by biochemical examination. Later antimicrobial drug resistance testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. All data were entered on epi-data 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 22 to calculate analysis. Statistically significant value was found by calculating an adjusted odds ratio with p-value ≤ 0.05 in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Among 374 under-five children, 180 (48.1%) were males and 109 (29.2%) were from low income families. The overall prevalence of S. pneumoniae infection in the study was 18% (95% CI 14.4–22.2). No window (AOR=2.8 CI 1.1–7.6), no/non-exclusive breast-feeding (AOR= 2.1 CI 1.1–4.1), and previous URTI (AOR= 3.2 CI 1.7–6.1) were significantly associated with S. pneumoniae infection. The isolated organism showed drug resistance for Cotrimoxazole (35%), and Tetracycline (34%). Conclusion The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in this study were comparatively high. No window, non-exclusive breast-feeding and previous URTI were associated with S. pneumoniae infection. The isolated S. pneumoniae showed high drug resistance to cotrimoxazole and tetracycline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 Similarly, in the Mizan Tepi University teaching hospital prevalence was 25.3% and in Harar, in the eastern part of the country, it was 11.2%. 14 , 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Associated Risk Factors of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Bacteria Infection Among Under-Five Children With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral Hospital, Jig-Jiga, Ethiopia

Mekuria¹,

Tolossa²,

Abebe³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Antibiogram of Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Under 5 Years at Holy Innocents Children’s Hospital, Mbarara City.

Sikon,

Ritah,

Emmanuel

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objectives This study aimed at understanding the prevalence, associated factors, and antibiogram of streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years at Holy Innocents Children’s Hospital, Mbarara. Methods This was the hospital-based cross-sectional study at Holy Innocents Children’s Hospital (HICH), Mbarara city in Uganda from August to September 2022. The study included children aged 5 years below presenting with signs and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. Clinical and demographic data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire and also by use of patient logbooks. The study included 236 participants whose oropharyngeal swabs were collected in Stuart transport media and transported to the Mbarara Diagnostic Laboratory Center(MDLC) for culture to isolate the Streptococci species. Culture was done by standard microbiology procedure for isolation of the Streptococci species from the samples and identification done using gram staining, catalase test, optochin, bacitracin test and bile solubility test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done in accordance with the clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. The collected data was entered in excel, cleaned and exported to SPSS version 22 for final analysis using the appropriate analysis models. Results The prevalence of streptococcal URTIs was 36.6% of the 236 studied participants, most 119/236 (50.4%) were females. The mean age of the children was found to be 31.5 months (SD ± 16.2months [95%CI_29.4–33.6]). Most 175/236 (74.2%) of the children had been weaned from breast milk and antibiotic usage in at least the last one month was reported to be low 26/236 (11.02%). Among the caretakers, the mean age was found to be 33.3 years (SD ± 8.7years[95%CI_32.2–34.4]) and most who presented to hospital were found to be female 161/236 (71.6%). Among the children, the prevalence of Streptococcal URTIs was found to be 86/236 (36.4%). Viridan streptococci accounted for the most 59/86 (68.6%) isolated, followed by Streptococci pyogenes which accounted for 25/86 (29.1%). Streptococci pneumoniae and Streptococci pyogenes were found to be 100% susceptible to ceftriaxone. However, few 4/59 (6.8%) of the Viridans streptococci were observed to be resistant. Very high resistance for observed for penicillin (100%) and Ampicillin (above 80%). Variables that were significantly associated with having an URTI among our study population were education of the caretaker (P = 0.022), Living with other siblings (P = 0.048), anyone smoking a cigarette (P = 0.036) and age of the child (P = 0.037). Conclusions The study found that the prevalence of Streptococcal URTIs among children admitted at the hospital was high mostly associated with Viridan streptococci. The following variables that were significantly associated with having an URTI among our study population; education of the caretaker, living with other siblings, anyone smoking a cigarette and age of the child. Resistance to the studied penicillin by the different streptococcal isolates was found to be high. The most effective drug that most streptococcal isolates were susceptible to was found to be ceftriaxone.

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<p>Magnitude of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> Among Under-Five Children with Symptom of Acute Respiratory Infection at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia: Associated Risk Factors and Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns</p>

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Associated Risk Factors of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Bacteria Infection Among Under-Five Children With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral Hospital, Jig-Jiga, Ethiopia

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Associated Risk Factors of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Bacteria Infection Among Under-Five Children With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral Hospital, Jig-Jiga, Ethiopia

Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Antibiogram of Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Under 5 Years at Holy Innocents Children’s Hospital, Mbarara City.

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