<p>Inappropriate Antibiotic Use Among Inpatients Attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia: Implication for Future Use</p>

Abstract

Background: Ethiopia is one of the countries where the healthcare system is not yet developed to the required level; hence, it is not uncommon that drugs, particularly antimicrobials, are inappropriately used for infections by any causative agents, with or without prescription, in combination or not, and, of more concern, without sensitivity tests. So, it was considered important to assess the magnitude of inappropriate antimicrobial use among inpatients attending Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, southeast Ethiopia. Methods: A health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to April 2019. Patient folders from collaborating wards were reviewed for antibiotic use. Inappropriateness of a drug or its dosage, or both, was considered in reference to the Ethiopian national treatment guideline. The information obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Patterns of prescription of antimicrobials for the hospitalized patients were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 801 antibiotics were written as prescriptions to 471 clients, 228 (47.6%) of whom had received two or more antibiotics at the time of the study. Of the total prescribed antibiotics, 142 (30.1%) had an inappropriate prescription. Genitourinary tract infections accounted for 42 (30.4%) of the inappropriate prescriptions due to the wrong dose and drugs. Cephalosporins were the most extensively prescribed class of antibiotics, 24.4% of which were inappropriately prescribed. Intravenous formulations made up the largest proportion of prescriptions, at 335 (41.8%). The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were cephalosporins, 178 (38%); nitroimidazoles, 115 (24.5%); and macrolides, 53 (11.3%), while ceftriaxone was prescribed in 249 (53%) and metronidazole in 123 (26.2%) cases. Conclusion: Low dose, inadequate duration and empiric use of antibiotics were major causes of inappropriate use in the study area. Therefore, local antimicrobial sensitivity tests, antibiotic stewardship and following the national treatment guideline are recommended to overcome inappropriate antimicrobial use.

<p>Antimicrobial Drug Therapy Problems Among Patients in the Outpatient Department of Ataye Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia</p>

“…The proper use of antimicrobials will have a positive impact on reducing antimicrobial resistance development, morbidity and mortality, and improving the cost of health care. 20 The risk of emerging antibacterial resistance due to overuse and underuse of antimicrobials has often been reported to be the most worrying aspect of antibiotic treatment. 23 DTPs can result in negative patient outcomes and are associated with failure of treatment, hospital readmissions, ED visits, increased cost, increased morbidity, and increased risk of death.…”

“…18 In developing countries, including Ethiopia, antimicrobials are used more frequently than any other drugs for both bacterial and non-bacterial infections. 20 However, very limited studies were done on the prevalence of antimicrobial DTPs in developing countries. To our knowledge, no previous study was done on antimicrobial DTPs among outpatients in Northeast Ethiopia.…”

Biologically active compounds of plant origin in medicine

“…the frequent inappropriate use of antibiotics, serious adverse events, and the development of antibiotic resistance [Kemmerich et al 2006, Simoes et al 2009. Animal studies and clinical trials have confirmed the antimicrobial efficacy of biologically active substances isolated from H. helix L. [Hong et al 2015, Saleem et al 2019, Mama et al 2020, Manderson 2020.…”

Antibiotic Resistance in Aerobic Bacterial Isolates From Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers in North Eastern Tanzania: An Urgent Call to Establish A Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Committee

“…It is important that empirical antibiotic prescription be guided by local susceptibility patterns data to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use [13]. No data exists in Sub Saharan African countries, on the epidemiology of AMR among diabetic patients with DFU.…”