&lt;p&gt;Emerging Role of Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis&lt;/p&gt;

Yu, Xianzhe; Zhu, Lingling; Liu, Jiewei; Xie, Ming; Chen, Jiang H; Li, Jianguo

doi:10.2147/ott.s271955

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, a case report showed that patients who progress on anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy still respond to combinatory immunotherapies (nivolumab plus ipilimumab) [ 137 ]. Another phase I clinical trial escalating dosage of CAR-T therapy in metastatic CRC patients also observed potential treatment response in some patients without severe adverse events [ 24 ]; however, the efficacy remains limited owing to the inhibitory impact of the tumor immune microenvironment, and many patients still cannot benefit from these treatment [ 138 , 139 ].…”

Section: Therapeutics For Crc Liver Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives

Zeng

Ward

Zhou

et al. 2021

Cancers

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A drastic difference exists between the 5-year survival rates of colorectal cancer patients with localized cancer and distal organ metastasis. The liver is the most favorable organ for cancer metastases from the colorectum. Beyond the liver-colon anatomic relationship, emerging evidence highlights the impact of liver immune microenvironment on colorectal liver metastasis. Prior to cancer cell dissemination, hepatocytes secrete multiple factors to recruit or activate immune cells and stromal cells in the liver to form a favorable premetastatic niche. The liver-resident cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and liver-sinusoidal endothelial cells are co-opted by the recruited cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages, to establish an immunosuppressive liver microenvironment suitable for tumor cell colonization and outgrowth. Current treatments including radical surgery, systemic therapy, and localized therapy have only achieved good clinical outcomes in a minority of colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis, which is further hampered by high recurrence rate. Better understanding of the mechanisms governing the metastasis-prone liver immune microenvironment should open new immuno-oncology avenues for liver metastasis intervention.

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Section: Therapeutics For Crc Liver Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives

Zeng

Ward

Zhou

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…The liver is the most common site of metastasis in patients with advanced CRC. Approximately half of CRC patients will develop liver metastasis because most of the mesentery drains into the hepatic portal vein system [21], and liver invasion and metastasis can lead to poor prognosis [22]. The lobe of the lung is the second most common metastatic site of CRC after the liver [23], and lung metastasis develops more slowly than liver metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of apatinib combined with FOLFIRI in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

Rong

Liu

et al. 2022

Invest New Drugs

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SummaryObjective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with FOLFIRI in the first-line treatment of advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and explore potential factors of efficacy. Methods. Twenty mCRC patients treated at Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 2017 to March 2019 were included according to the enrolment criteria. They provided informed consent and were treated with apatinib combined with FOLFIRI according to the scheduled regimen until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was OS. The secondary endpoints included PFS, ORR, DCRand safety. OS and PFS were calculated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate independent prognostic factors of OS and PFS. R was used to determine cut-off values for biochemical indicators. Forest maps were drawn for Cox univariate results and the relationships between NLR and ECOG, which were significant in univariate analysis, and OS were represented by Kaplan–Meier curves. Results. The median OS and PFS were 16.135 months (95% CI: 9.211–22.929) and 6 months (95% CI: 5.425–6.525). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that NLR and CEA were independent prognostic factors. The most common grade 3–4 adverse events were hypertension, diarrhoea, increased alkaline phosphatase, decreased leukocytes and decreased neutrophils. Conclusion. Apatinib combined with FOLFIRI for the first-line treatment of advanced unresectable mCRC showed good efficacy and safety. The baseline NLR was predictive of efficacy, and a low baseline NLR (HR: 0.2895, P = 0.0084) was associated with improved OS.Clinical Research Registration Number: ChiCTR1800015308.

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“…It is estimated that 135,430 new cases of CRC are diagnosed and 50,260 CRC-associated mortalities are reported per year in the United States (1,2). Despite recent advancements in the treatment methods for CRC, the prognosis for patients with CRC remains unsatisfactory (27). Thus, the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC are urgently required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long non‑coding RNA SNHG8 promotes autophagy as a ceRNA to upregulate ATG7 by sponging microRNA‑588 in colorectal cancer

Cao

et al. 2021

Oncol Lett

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 8 (SNHG8) acts as an oncogene in different types of cancer, including prostate, breast and ovarian cancer. SNHG8 promotes the tumorigenesis of CRC; however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the mechanism of SNHG8 on CRC development via various assays, including western blot, pull-down, PCR and immunofluorescence assays. The results of the present study demonstrated that SNHG8 expression was substantially upregulated in primary tumor tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that SNHG8 facilitated cell proliferation and autophagy in CRC cells. Notably, the function of SNHG8 in enhancing autophagy was dependent on autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7). In addition, western blot analysis indicated that the effect of SNHG8 on autophagy in CRC cells was dependent on the miR-588/ATG7 axis. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that SNHG8 promotes autophagy in CRC cells.

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<p>Emerging Role of Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis</p>

Cited by 27 publications

References 156 publications

Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives

Liver Immune Microenvironment and Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer-Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives

Efficacy of apatinib combined with FOLFIRI in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

Long non‑coding RNA SNHG8 promotes autophagy as a ceRNA to upregulate ATG7 by sponging microRNA‑588 in colorectal cancer

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