&lt;p&gt;ACEIs and ARBs and Their Correlation with COVID-19: A Review&lt;/p&gt;

Yehualashet, Awgichew Shewasinad; Belachew, Teshome Fentik

doi:10.2147/idr.s264882

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…It is pertinent to mention here that using combination of ACEIs and ARBs in COVID-19 patients not only lower blood pressure but also may maximize organ protection and was therefore used concurrently. Also, by stabilizing www.nature.com/scientificreports/ and internalization of ACE2-AT1R interaction, ACEIs/ARBs could prevent COVID-19 viral entry 21 . This may be another reason for using this combination in the management of COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers with risk of mortality, severity or SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients: meta-analysis

Biswas

Kali

2021

Sci Rep

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The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in the treatment of COVID-19 are highly debated. This study was aimed to assess aggregated risk by investigating the association of ACEIs/ARBs users against non-users of ACEIs/ARBs with the risk of mortality or severe clinical manifestations or magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients. Systematic literature search was carried out in different databases for eligible studies. The pooled relative risks (RRs) were measured using RevMan software where P<0.05 was set as statistical significance. In total, 10 studies were included in this analysis. After pooled estimation, it was demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 positive patients taking ACEIs/ARBs were not associated with an increased risk of mortality compared to those not taking ACEIs/ARBs (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.64–1.23; P=0.48). Furthermore, the risk of composite severe clinical manifestations was not significantly different between the positive patients with or without ACEIs/ARBs users (RR 1.29; 95% CI 0.81–2.04; P=0.28). There was no risk difference for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in patients with or without ACEIs/ARBs users (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.95–1.05; P=0.91). These findings may augment current professional society guidelines for not discontinuing ACEIs/ARBs in treating COVID-19 patients where it is clinically indicated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers with risk of mortality, severity or SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients: meta-analysis

Biswas

Kali

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Furthermore, patients with higher troponin levels had also increased markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high neutrophil count, and high amino-terminal pro-B–type natriuretic peptide ( 158 ). Despite it was initially hypothesized that COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular morbidities and treated with ACE inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) ( 155 , 159 , 160 ). could be at increased risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, a recent retrospective study on COVID-19 patients with hypertension showed that ACEI/ARB therapy attenuated the inflammatory response ( 161 ).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Clinical Implication and Potential Mutual Interacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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The explosion of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought the role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) back into the scientific limelight. Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind the ACE2 for entering the host cells in humans, its expression and body localization are critical to track the potential target organ of this infection and to outline disease progression and clinical outcomes. Here, we mapped the physiological body distribution, expression, and activities of ACE2 and discussed its potential correlations and mutal interactions with the disparate symptoms present in SARS-CoV-2 patients at the level of different organs. We highlighted that despite during SARS-CoV-2 infection ACE2-expressing organs may become direct targets, leading to severe pathological manifestations, and subsequent multiple organ failures, the exact mechanism and the potential interactions through which ACE2 acts in these organs is still heavily debated. Further scientific efforts, also considering a personalized approach aimed to consider specific patient differences in the mutual interactions ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term health effects associated with COVID-19 are currently mandatory.

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“…Therefore, reduction and downregulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 lead to an elevation of vasoconstrictor Ang II causing vasoconstriction, hypertension, and induction of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory activations. A high Ang II concentration is directly linked to ALI and ARDS in Covid-19, so that both angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are able to reduce the harmful effect of Ang II on the lung through ACE2 upregulation ( 44 ).…”

Section: Estrogen and Renin–angiotensin System In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout

et al. 2021

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In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, an intensive number of studies have been performed to understand in a deeper way the mechanisms behind better or worse clinical outcomes. Epidemiologically, men subjects are more prone to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections than women, with a similar scenario being also stated to the previous coronavirus diseases, namely, SARS-CoV in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus diseases (MERS-CoV) in 2012. In addition, and despite that aging is regarded as an independent risk factor for the severe form of the disease, even so, women protection is evident. In this way, it has been expected that sex hormones are the main determinant factors in gender differences, with the immunomodulatory effects of estrogen in different viral infections, chiefly in Covid-19, attracting more attention as it might explain the case-fatality rate and predisposition of men for Covid-19 severity. Here, we aim to provide a mini-review and an overview on the protective effects of estrogen in Covid-19. Different search strategies were performed including Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, Pubmed, and Google Scholar database to find relative studies. Findings of the present study illustrated that women have a powerful immunomodulating effect against Covid-19 through the effect of estrogen. This study illustrates that estrogens have noteworthy anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects in Covid-19. Also, estrogen hormone reduces SARS-CoV-2 infectivity through modulation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This study highlighted the potential protective effect of estrogen against Covid-19 and recommended for future clinical trial and prospective studies to elucidate and confirm this protective effect.

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<p>ACEIs and ARBs and Their Correlation with COVID-19: A Review</p>

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers with risk of mortality, severity or SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients: meta-analysis

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers with risk of mortality, severity or SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients: meta-analysis

Body Localization of ACE-2: On the Trail of the Keyhole of SARS-CoV-2

The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout

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